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© The
Regulatory Assistance Project
1993-Present
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RAP Publications
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RAP has been publishing policy and research papers since its inception in 1992. We regularly publish our IssuesLetters on new or developing topics of interest to public utility regulators. In addition to our IssuesLetters, we publish a variety of significant papers analyzing and developing cutting edge regulatory policy. To find a document in our library of papers use our Search By Topic page or you can search for any word or phrase in our library by using our Full Text Search.
Our most recent significant papers include:
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Mercury Regulation in the United States - Health Effects and Exposure Pathways of Mercury Emissions
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Author(s): The Regulatory Assistance Project Date: March 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 232 KB |
Document Summary:
There is currently no federal regulation of mercury air emissions from coal-fired power plants in the United States. As discussed in more detail here, the US EPA had promulgated a regulation to do that in 2004 but, in 2008, a US federal court invalidated the regulation. However, President Obama has directed the EPA to develop such a regulatory program and it is expected that the US EPA will proposed one in the 2009 to 2010 time period. The actions of several states that have moved independently of the federal process to enact controls may serve as models for the new federal rule, as they can for those of other nations. This paper will provide a brief overview of the 40 years of study and effort to regulate mercury in the United States.
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Financial Analysis of Incentive Mechanisms to Promote Energy Efficiency: Case Study of a Prototypical Southwest Utility
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Author(s): Chuck Goldman, Peter Cappers, Michele Chait, George Edgar, Jeff Schlegel & Wayne Shirley Date: March 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 2 MB |
Document Summary:
This is the main study report.
In this study, we modeled a prototypical vertically-integrated electric investor-owned utility in the southwestern US that is considering implementing several energy efficiency portfolios that have increasing energy savings targets. We analyze the financial and economic impacts of these energy efficiency portfolios on utility shareholders and customers, including the effects of a decoupling and/or various shareholder incentive mechanisms, compared to a “business as usual” case without energy efficiency programs. We examined three incentive mechanisms that have been implemented at a number of utilities (i.e. Performance Target, Cost Capitalization, and Shared Net Benefits) and the Save-A-Watt mechanisms proposed by Duke Energy in the Carolinas and Ohio. The NAPEE Benefits Calculator, a pro-forma financial model, was significantly expanded to conduct this analysis.
Related documents: Technical Appendices and
PowerPoint Summary
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Financial Analysis of Incentive Mechanisms to Promote Energy Efficiency: Case Study of a Prototypical Southwest Utility: Technical Appendices
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Author(s): Chuck Goldman, Peter Cappers, Michele Chait, George Edgar, Jeff Schlegel & Wayne Shirley Date: March 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 346 KB |
Document Summary:
These are the technical appendices to the main report.
In this study, we modeled a prototypical vertically-integrated electric investor-owned utility in the southwestern US that is considering implementing several energy efficiency portfolios that have increasing energy savings targets. We analyze the financial and economic impacts of these energy efficiency portfolios on utility shareholders and customers, including the effects of a decoupling and/or various shareholder incentive mechanisms, compared to a “business as usual” case without energy efficiency programs. We examined three incentive mechanisms that have been implemented at a number of utilities (i.e. Performance Target, Cost Capitalization, and Shared Net Benefits) and the Save-A-Watt mechanisms proposed by Duke Energy in the Carolinas and Ohio. The NAPEE Benefits Calculator, a pro-forma financial model, was significantly expanded to conduct this analysis.
Related documents: PowerPoint Summary and
Main Report
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Financial Analysis of Incentive Mechanisms to Promote Energy Efficiency: Case Study of a Prototypical Southwest Utility
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Author(s): Chuck Goldman, Peter Cappers, Michele Chait, George Edgar, Jeff Schlegel & Wayne Shirley Date: March 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 720 KB |
Document Summary:
This is a PowerPoint summary of this study.
In this study, we modeled a prototypical vertically-integrated electric investor-owned utility in the southwestern US that is considering implementing several energy efficiency portfolios that have increasing energy savings targets. We analyze the financial and economic impacts of these energy efficiency portfolios on utility shareholders and customers, including the effects of a decoupling and/or various shareholder incentive mechanisms, compared to a “business as usual” case without energy efficiency programs. We examined three incentive mechanisms that have been implemented at a number of utilities (i.e. Performance Target, Cost Capitalization, and Shared Net Benefits) and the Save-A-Watt mechanisms proposed by Duke Energy in the Carolinas and Ohio. The NAPEE Benefits Calculator, a pro-forma financial model, was significantly expanded to conduct this analysis.
Related documents:Technical Appendices and Main Report
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Utility Sector Incentives and Disincentives for Renewable Energy
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Author(s): Wayne Shirley Date: January 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 132 KB |
Document Summary:
This is a white paper prepared for the Arizona Leadership Summit on Solar Energy and Economics held in Phoenix on January 9, 2009. This paper addresses utility sector economic incentives and disincentives and their impact on the deployment of renewable energy. It focuses on the use of revenue decoupling to address disincentive issues faced by utilities.
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Electricity Markets: The Roles of Integrated Resource Planning and Competition in Meeting China’s Power Needs
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Author(s): RAP Date: October 2008 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 127 KB |
Document Summary:
What does it mean to have a competitive electricity market? What kind of competitive electricity market makes sense for China? There are no simple answers. Competitive electricity markets come in many forms. China needs to thoughtfully design and build its electric market to achieve specified objectives, and then it should be prepared to watch it closely, manage it carefully, and, when necessary, fix it. International experience can help identify good options for China, and the United States in particular provides many useful examples because it has so many types of competitive electricity markets.
This paper looks to the northeast state Vermont to illustrate a model which relies on traditional planning tools and processes to determine what resources (demand and supply-side) will minimize Vermont consumer costs and risks, and then uses the market to deliver the desired resources in the most efficient manner possible. This paper explains how the state’s utilities make complementary use of markets and the integrated resource planning (IRP) process to meet their needs, and describes the benefits of both. In summary, IRP provides utilities the framework within which to consider the broadest range of resources to meet energy service needs; and the regional competitive wholesale market (through bilateral contracts and short-term energy trading) expands the pool of resource choices and ensures that the portfolio of resources assembled by an IRP is as inexpensive and diverse as possible.
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电力市场: 综合能源规划与竞争在满足中国能源需求中的作用
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Author(s): RAP Date: October 2008 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 370 KB |
Document Summary:
建设竞争性电力市场是什么意思?哪种竞争性电力市场适合中国?答案并不简单。竞争性电力市场有多种存在形式。中国需要设计和建设电力市场,使其达到既定目标,然后,需要做好准备,严密观察、小心管理,并且在必要时调整电力市场。国际经验可以帮助中国选择最佳方案。具体是美国存在类型众多的竞争性电力市场,因而提供了很多有用的案例。
本文细看了佛蒙特模式依靠传统的计划工具和程序,决定何种资源(需求和供电侧)可以最小化佛蒙特用电客户的成本和风险,然后利用市场采用可行的最有效的方式传递目标资源。本文解释了佛蒙特州公共事业公司如何通过市场的辅助作用和综合资源规划(IRP)程序满足自身需求,并描述了二者的效益。简而言之,IRP为公共事业公司提供了一个框架,可以在这个框架内考虑满足能源需求的诸多资源;而竞争性地区批发市场(通过双边协议和短期能源交易)扩展了资源选择库,确保IRP所聚集的资源组合尽可能地廉价多样。
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Welcome
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RAP is committed to fostering regulatory and market policies for the electric industry that encourage economic efficiency, protect environmental quality, assure system reliability, and allocate system benefits fairly to all customers. |
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Introduction to RAP
The Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) is a non-profit organization, formed in 1992 by experienced utility regulators, that provides research, analysis, and educational assistance to public officials on electric utility regulation.
RAP workshops cover a wide range of topics including electric utility restructuring, power sector reform, renewable resource development, the development of efficient markets, performance-based regulation, demand-side management, and green pricing. RAP also provides regulators with technical assistance, training, and policy research and development. RAP has worked with public utility regulators and energy officials in 45 states, Washington D.C., Brazil, India, Namibia, China, Egypt, and a number of other countries.
RAP principals and associates have also written and spoken extensively on energy policy and regulation. RAP Issuesletters, published quarterly, and RAP’s many in-depth reports and conference presentations provide serious and thoughtful discussion of cutting-edge issues in industry restructuring (e.g. market power, stranded costs, system benefits charges, customer choice, and consumer protection), and other current topics (e.g. resource portfolio management, policies for distributed generation and demand-side resources, distribution system regulation, reliability and risk management, rate design, electrical energy security, and environmental protection).
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United States Activities
Vermont Mediated Modeling
The Vermont Mediated Modeling Project is a collaborative process in which a broad group of stakeholders are working together to build a system dynamics model of the Vermont electric industry. With that model, the various stakeholders hope to draw insights on the distinct choices for future electric resource investments to serve Vermont's needs. RAP is an advisor to the process. Hear more about it here.
RAP Supports EPA Partnership States
The Regulatory Assistance Project is working with the US Environmental Protection Agency to support New Jersey, New Mexico, Arkansas and Minnesota in looking at energy efficiency. Details about the Arkansas docket can be found here.
Integrated Resource Planning State Surveys
The Regulatory Assistance Project is in the process of conducting State surveys on Electric Resource Long-range Planning. As state surveys are completed, they will be posted on the IRP Survey Feature Page.
Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative
The Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative is a many-stakeholder collaborative process created to promote and accelerate cost-effective deployment of distributed resources in the Mid-Atlantic States. RAP is facilitating the project, and is providing technical assistance on several issues, including regulatory and environmental policy. MADRI meets roughly once every five to six weeks. Details on the MADRI process are on its website.
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
RAP is participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), convened by the Governors of nine Northeast states, to create a regional cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas emissions from the region's power sector. RAP has been appointed to the Resources Panel advising the RGGI stakeholder process, and will be working on emissions allocations, regulatory and power market policies, and policy coordination with the region's utility regulators. .
Western Multi-State Entities Project
RAP assisted the Western Interstate
Energy Board (WIEB) in evaluating the form and scope of potential multi-state
entities designed to coordinate and integrate planning and operation of the
electric grid throughout the Western interconnection. This project was
managed by RAP Associate Bob Anderson. This work was conducted under a
contract with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories and funded by US DOE.
New England Demand Response Initiative
RAP recently completed work on the New England Demand Response
Initiative (NEDRI). NEDRI addressed the need for integrating demand response
programs into the ISO-New England operational and planning processes. Much
of the work of NEDRI has been embraced by the FERC. More information is available
on our feature page for New
England Demand Response Iniative.
Transmission Siting Initiative
RAP is assisting the National Council on Electric Policy with an assessment of existing transmission siting processes and proposals to improve siting regulations. The Council is made up of state legislators, state utility regulators, and state energy office directors. Staff from U.S. DOE, U.S. EPA and FERC also participate.
The Transmission Siting Initiative is designed to determine more effective transmission siting processes for the U.S., and promote and facilitate their implementation. By effective, we mean increasing the likelihood that needed projects will be built. Areas of inquiry will include: state regulatory processes, utility planning and project development processes, the process of multiple states collaborating in siting matters, system planning and the development of alternative solutions to system needs.
RAP is particularly interested in this initiative because it provides the opportunity to make wholesale power markets work more effectively, as well as the opportunity to value all electric system resources more accurately, including demand side and distributed resources. There will be three regional workshops for transmission siting stakeholders during the second quarter of 2004, which will be attended by invitation. For more information, contact Richard Sedano or check the website of the National Council on Electric Policy.
Advising Rhode Island PUC on Energy Efficiency Incentives
Aligning the incentives of the utility with the public interest is an objective of many state regulators. Recently the Rhode Island PUC became interested in developing a system of incentives that would cause energy efficiency program outcomes to be more in line with the commission's priorities and expectations.
RAP was hired in the Fall of 2002 to advise the PUC and Narragansett Electric in a docket on this subject. RAP assisted the utility in developing new performance indicators that would measure energy efficiency performance in ways valuable to both the utility and the regulator. A new set of performance indicators and incentives is now in place. During 2004, the incentive system will be evaluated by the PUC, with the continued involvement of RAP. See the Rhode Island documents on our Performance Based Regulation page, or contact Richard Sedano for more information.
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International Activities
Canadian Association of Members of Public Utility Tribunals
RAP is working with Summit Blue Consulting on a project to provide insight to Canadian utility regulators on energy efficiency and demand response. RAP and Summit Blue are doing extensive interviews with US and Canadian experts in and out of government, and will provide insight into how to determine appropriate objectives for these resources.
RAP Assisting China's SERC
RAP is continuing its participation in The Energy Foundation's China Sustainable Energy Program in Beijing. With an expanded presence on the ground, we are working closely with Chinese officials assisting in the establishment of a new electric regulator. In September, we conducted a workshop for the State Electric Regulatory Commission (SERC) in Beijing. David Moskovitz of RAP is pictured here with Vice Premier Huang Ju who attended the workshop.
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What's New
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Recent Events
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Upcoming Events
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July 2009
MADRI Smart Grid Subgroup
July 2, 2009
Kick off meeting, Philadelphia PA
MADRI Working Group Meeting
July 1, 2009
Philadelphia PA
Addressing Regional System Planning, Smart Grid
June 2009
Eastern Wind Integration Advisory Group Meeting
June 24, 2009
Advocates Discuss Recovery Act
June 23, 2009
RAP provides insights on smart grid opportunities in the recovery act to advocates -- Washington DC
MACRUC Educational Conference
June 23, 2009
RAP will participate in a discussion on the cost to electric markets of carbon regulation.
Midwest Governors Association
June 18, 2009
Presentation to a meeting to develop smart grid policy for MGA
NGA Policy Academy
June 17, 2009
Rich Sedano addressed energy efficiency financing and other energy efficiency issues with the seven participating states. To view his presentation, please go to RAP's Home Page and click on Presentations.
Clean Energy States Alliance
June 16, 2009
Rich Sedano addressed smart grid policy issues. To view his presentation, please go to RAP's Home Page and click on Presentations.
New Jersey Utilities Association
June 10, 2009
Rich Sedano addressed the utility business model. Co-panelists included a the NJ consumer advocate, a former PA commissioner, and a Wall Street analyst.
MADRI Working Group Meeting
June 4, 2009
Philadelphia
May 2009
NEEP Energy Efficiency Policy Conference -- Albany NY
May 27-28, 2009
Rich Sedano moderated a discussion on regulatory issues surrounding energy efficiency. Panelists included Stefanie Brand (NJ), Tim Woolf (MA), Amy Ignatius (NH) and Garry Brown (NY).
Platts Energy Efficiency Conference
May 18, 2009
Rich Sedano participated on a panel with state regulators on energy efficiency incentives
Utah PSC - Workshop on Smart Grid Standards in EISA 2007
May 13, 2009
RAP presented a workshop for the Utah Commission on consideration of the Smart Grid standards in EISA 2007. Click Presentations tab on the home page to view RAP’s presentations.
Summit on the Future of Vermont
May 11, 2009
Rich Sedano addressed a discussion on future energy choices facing the state and its citizens in this program at UVM sponsored by the Council on the Future of Vermont
NECPUC
May 5, 2009
Rich Sedano addressed energy efficiency
April 2009
Eastern Wind Integration Advisory Group Meeting
April 30, 2009
Colorado PUC - Workshop on Climate Change and Utility Regulation
April 28, 2009
Richard Cowart and David Farnsworth gave a presentation on Meeting the Climate Challenge: Policy Options for the Power Sector. Click on Presentations Tab to view their presentation.
CERES 2009 Conference
April 14-16, 2009
Rich Sedano talked about business and regulatory incentives for utilities.
Kentucky PSC Workshop on Decoupling
April 9, 2009
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July 2009
Arkansas Sustainability Docket
July 15, 2009
September 2009
Oregon PUC Smart Grid Workshop
September 9, 2009
RAP is presenting a smart grid workshop for the Oregon Commission with Roger Levy, lead consultant to the Smart Grid Technical Advisory Project - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
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New Issues and Topics
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National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency
RAP is an advisor to this project co-sponsored by the US DOE and US EPA which will be developed by a diverse group of stakeholders. "The goal of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency development is an aggressive new national commitment to energy efficiency by electric and natural gas utilities and partner organizations across the United States."
Vermont Mediated Modeling
The Vermont Mediated Modeling Project is a collaborative process in which a broad group of stakeholders are working together to build a system dynamics model of the Vermont electric industry. With that model, the various stakeholders hope to draw insights on the distinct choices for future electric resource investments to serve Vermont's needs. RAP is an advisor to the process. Hear more about it.
Paper on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Published
Electric Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in New England: An Assessment of Existing Policies and Prospects for the Future by Richard Sedano has been published with financial support from the US EPA, and modeling and policy assistance from Synapse Energy Economics. This report examines and quantifies the positive effects energy efficiency and renewable energy have on the general economy, the environment and energy security in New England. Interest was shown in these topics by a resolution of the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers in 2003, and in response the Regulatory Assistance Project produced this report.
Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative
The Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative is a many-stakeholder collaborative process created to promote and accelerate cost-effective deployment of distributed resources in the Mid-Atlantic States. RAP is facilitating the project, and is providing technical assistance on several issues, including regulatory and environmental policy. MADRI meets roughly once every five to six weeks. Details on the MADRI process are on its website.
Transmission Siting Project Primer Published
Rich Sedano and Matthew Brown have collaborated to write
Electricity Transmission: A Primer. The publication was prepared for the National Council on Electric Policy as part of a project to assist the National Council with an assessment of existing transmission siting processes and proposals to improve siting regulations. The primer is intended to help policymakers understand the physics, economics and policies that influence and govern the electric transmission system. Also included undere the scope of this project will be three regional workshops on transmission siting; sample transmission siting legislation produced by NCSL; sample transmission application produced by NARUC; and a final report with recommendations for improvements.
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
RAP is participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), convened by the Governors of nine Northeast states, to create a regional cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas emissions from the region's power sector. RAP has been appointed to the Resources Panel advising the RGGI stakeholder process, and will be working on emissions allocations, regulatory and power market policies, and policy coordination with the region's utility regulators.
EPRI Publishes RAP paper on Demand Response
Revealing the Value of Demand Response: Regulatory & Market Options
Results of a new study sponsored by EPRI explore market and regulatory options for correcting some of these failures. In doing so, the study recognizes the critical role that regulation plays in assuring that the competitive process works, as it should, to the benefit of all. In particular, the new report examines ways to better integrate demand response into electricity markets at both the wholesale and retail levels. More details about how to order Revealing the Value of Demand Response: Regulatory & Market Options can be found on the EPRI website.
Air Emissions Standards Progress in NE States
RAP has been working with environmental regulators in several northeastern states -- Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Maine, and Delaware -- as they develop rules for controlling the air emissions of distributed generation facilities. In most cases, the states are considering adoption of regulations based on a model rule that RAP developed during a two-year national stakeholder process.
State Distributed Generation Policy
RAP is working with the National Association of State Energy Officials on a project to better characterize policies that assist or prevent deployment of distributed generation, and to develop a tool for states to quickly assess the compatibility of their policies with distributed generation development.
Energy Efficiency Administration in California
RAP is working with the California Public Utilities Commission in its effort to settle on how energy efficiency program responsibilities, including overall administration, will be assigned.
National Commission on Energy Policy
RAP is assisting the National Commission on Energy Policy in its consideration of national electricity policies, with a particular focus on consumer protection and consumer-oriented resource supply issues.
Assistance to Efficiency Vermont
RAP is assisting Vermont's unique Efficiency Utility to provide information on the "efficiency utility" concept, structure, and operations to decisionmakers in other jurisdictions interested in creating new mechanisms to deliver efficiency services. RAP has participated in briefings for officials in New Jersey, the District of Columbia, New Brunswick, and California on these topics.
Demand Response Technical Assistance
In follow-up to the RAP-led New England Demand Response Initiative (NEDRI), the US DOE has asked RAP to provide technical assistance to PUCs, regional ISOs and power pools, state legislatures and others on the policy recommendations developed by the NEDRI stakeholders. Assistance activities so far have occurred in Maine, Connecticut, Vermont, and for working groups within three regional power pools: NE-ISO, the NYISO, and PJM.
Resource Portfolio Management Emerging as New Standard
Faced with increasing volatility in supply costs, both
vertically integrated utilities and providers of default service must
utilize portfolio management theory to mitigate risks. Regulators face
the challenge of developing a new prudent man standard that incorporates
risk-management as a central theme. RAP has been a leader in developing
portfolio management as a regulatory standard for the electric sector.
For more information see our feature page on Retail
Resource Procurement and Portfolio Management.
Who Should Deliver Ratepayer Funded Energy Efficiency?
The success of ratepayer funded energy efficiency programs depends more on clear and consistent commitment of policy makers and regulators than on the administrative structure employed. Either utility administration or administration by a third party non-governmental organization can work well. State agency administration is generally a weaker third choice. For the full report, see Who Should Deliver Ratepayer Funded Energy Efficiency?. For more on Energy Efficiency, see our feature page on Energy Efficiency, Demand-side Resources and Demand Response.
Emissions Standards for Distributed Generation
Innovations in technology, changes in the economics of the electric industry and a variety of regulatory reforms have combined to create new opportunities for small-scale, distributed generation (DG), offering additional ways to capture production cost savings and other benefits. With these opportunites come challenges. For air regulators, DG raises particular concerns because diesel and natural gas comubstions make the lion's share of installations. If DG is to benefit electric systems across the country, states will need tackle the emissions question head on.
Although developers may rankle at the idea of regulation, far more frustrating to them woud be a hodgpodge of inconsistent and even incompatibale rules. In the long run, the industry, the electric system and the environment will be better served by a set of like rules across states and regions. Approaches and solutions to these issues are discussed in our IssuesLetter: Output-Based Emissions Standards for Distributed Generation. For more on the collaboratve
process and its work product and publications see our feature page on the Distributed Resources Emissions Collaborative.
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RAP Presentations
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Many of the presentations made by RAP Principals at conferences and workshops are available for viewing and downloading in PDF format. To find a presentation in our library use our Search By Topic page or you can search for any word or phrase in our library by using our Full Text Search.
Our most recent presentations are listed below:
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Smart Grid Briefing to Renewable Fund Managers
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| Author(s): Richard Sedano Date: June 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 113 KB |
Document Summary:
This is a presentation made by Rich Sedano at a meeting to the Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA) on June 16, 2009. It addresses the Smart Grid including its connection to renewable and clean energy issues.
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The Smart Grid and Its Role in a Carbon-Constrained World
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| Author(s): Rob Pratt Date: May 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 1 MB |
Document Summary:
Explains the characteristics, assets and applications that comprise the smart grid, smart grid operational strategies for distribution systems, and how smart grid can directly reduce or enable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Includes a summary of the smart grid demonstration on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state. Presented by Rob Pratt, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, to the Utah Public Service Commission on May 13, 2009.
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Smart Grid Evaluation Framework
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| Author(s): Roger Levy Date: May 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 4 MB |
Document Summary:
DRAFT framework for Commission evaluation of smart grid investments by Roger Levy, Smart Grid Technical Advisory Services Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Presented to the Utah Public Service Commission on May 13, 2009. Presentation covers goals and characteristics of a smart grid, key objectives, distribution system reliability metrics, advanced metering, rates and customer choice, smart grid technologies, interoperability, standards, cyber-security and the purpose of pilots.
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Tour of Smart Grid Projects
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| Author(s): Lisa Schwartz Date: May 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 590 KB |
Document Summary:
Tour of selected advanced metering infrastructure/smart grid projects primarily in the U.S., including microgrid deployments and proposed smart grid pilots. Presented to the Utah Public Service Commission on May 13, 2009.
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State Policies on Smart Grid
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| Author(s): Lisa Schwartz Date: May 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 225 KB |
Document Summary:
Legislation and public utility commission decisions related to smart grid deployment in selected states -- California, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Texas. Introductory slides cover smart grid drivers, barriers and common early policies. Presented to the Utah Public Service Commission on May 13, 2009.
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Ramping up Energy Efficiency: Three Issues along the Way
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| Author(s): Richard Sedano Date: May 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 232 KB |
Document Summary:
Rich Sedano delivered this presentation on energy efficiency to the 2009 NECPUC symposium. The presentation addresses all-fuels energy efficiency, utility incentives to ramp up energy efficiency commitments and attribution of savings.
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