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Knowledge Center
We believe that sharing our expertise and collaborations in clean energy policy is how real, effective change happens.
From reports and policy briefs, to webinars and podcasts—RAP advisors have built an extensive collection of resources providing in-depth analysis and practical solutions to today’s energy challenges.
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Deployment of heat pumps is a key part of greenhouse gas reduction goals set out in the Inflation Reduction Act. In this paper, a collaboration between RAP and CLASP, the authors analyze impacts of the IRA on heat pump… View Summary +
![HVAC units](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/shutterstock_465941798-680x420.jpg)
In a webinar discussion, Mark LeBel, Steve Kihm, Richard Sedano and Damali Harding highlighted a RAP paper exploring the policy, legal and financial aspects of performance incentive mechanisms and re-examined recent practices underlying cost-of-service ratemaking and the utility business… View Summary +
Access to consumption data from utilities enables building owners to cut utility costs, save money, increase asset value, and reduce carbon emissions. Too often, owners cannot access accurate data, especially when utilities bill tenants directly. Stakeholders in many jurisdictions requested… View Summary +
![Utility meter with transmission lines in background](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.10.46-PM.png)
For over 50 years, a wide variety of reforms has been tried to correct the flaws of traditional methods of utility regulation generally and rate-making specifically. One category of reforms implemented by many jurisdictions to remedy some of those flaws… View Summary +
![A rainbow of stock charts.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/shutterstock_416888221.jpg)
Electric vehicles (EVs) need to pay their fair share of road construction and maintenance costs. But by targeting EV owners with inequitable and inefficient fees, state legislatures continue to miss the opportunity to solve the challenge of responsibly funding highways. In… View Summary +
![A road lane paved with an electric-vehicle symbol](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ev-road-fees-680x420.jpg)
Fossil-fueled appliances in buildings are a significant source of emissions, not only of greenhouse gases but also pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are responsible for a variety of air and water quality and health problems. In a webinar… View Summary +
RAP developed a model rule for use by U.S. state and local air quality regulators to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from water heaters. This technical support document was published to assist regulators and staff in understanding and making… View Summary +
Fossil-fueled water heaters represent a significant uncontrolled source of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, which have a variety of harmful environmental effects. RAP developed a model rule for use by U.S. state and local air quality regulators to reduce NOx emissions… View Summary +
State government agencies are becoming aware that there is more that they can do to reach communities that may be underserved by agency programs — communities of color, indigenous communities, and low-and moderate-income communities. This policy brief describes steps that… View Summary +
![A group of decisionmakers around a table. A woman with dark skin leans over the table explaining to the others.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Public-Access-shutterstock_1481498864.jpg)
The rapid and parallel growth in both variable electricity production from wind and solar, and in large inherently flexible loads (such as electric vehicles and heat pumps) presents an opportunity to ensure that each transition is both reliable and affordable. View Summary +
Beginning in late 2021, RMI and National Grid jointly convened a series of facilitated collaborative workshops with stakeholders from the nonprofit and utility sectors across several regions, including RAP. This roundtable group explored what it may take to decarbonize the… View Summary +
This fact sheet, prepared as a poster for presentation at the ACEEE 2022 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, describes the concept of a model rule to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from fossil fuel-fired water heaters,… View Summary +
Most of America’s transmission grid was built in the 20th century to serve central power stations burning coal, oil, more recently, fossil gas, and nuclear stations. In a world where solar and wind energy are now less expensive than fossil-fuel… View Summary +
![FERC Transmission: The Highest-Yield Reforms](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/shutterstock_135836597-1-680x420.jpg)
In a roundtable webinar discussion, RAP staff highlighted what states can do (and are doing) on a variety of topics — from performance regulation to system planning to rate design — to navigate the energy transition with the customer’s interests… View Summary +
Vermont’s Global Warming Solutions Act requires that greenhouse gas emissions from thermal end uses (heating and hot water) be reduced by at least 15% below 2018 levels by 2025 and then by 40% by 2030 and 80% by 2050. This… View Summary +