对《关于加强新型电力系统稳定工作的 指导意见（征求意见稿）》的建议

国家能源局于今年4月20日发布了《关于加强新型电力系统稳定工作的指导意见（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《征求意见稿》），向社会公开征求意见。睿博能源智库认为，该《征求意见稿》提出的一系列措施对支持电力系统稳定、促进清洁能源转型和实现双碳目标，都起到了至关重要的作用。我们尤其关注《征求意见稿》中第四条的总体思路：“远近结合、科学谋划电力系统转型的发展方向和路径，统筹规划、建设、运行、市场、科研等各项工作，建立适应新型电力系统的稳定管理体系，确保稳定工作要求在新型电力系统全过程、全环节、全方位落实。” 这份方案综合考虑了在清洁能源转型方面所需创建的框架，并突出了对可持续能源发展的重视。

基于我们对国内电力市场的长期研究，本文对部分条款的细节提出了一些政策和实施方面的建议,包括负荷侧需求响应资源、规划管理办法更新、现货市场设计和容量补偿机制。我们强调了分时电价的科学修订和公平性，并提出了关于完善资源充裕性评估和公平对待各种灵活性资源的建议。综合而言，这些措施将有助于电力部门保障供电安全、适应新能源系统技术环境的变化并促进清洁能源发展。

新形势下的电力行业改革: 促进系统稳定性、降低风险、加速碳达峰

中国做出具有历史性意义的双碳目标承诺后，中共中央、国务院、国家发改委和国家能源局发布了“1+N”政策体系中的首要两个政策文件，为电力部门制定了顶层设计方案，提出了“加快建设新型电力系统”及“优化清洁能源发电”等要求。2021年以来，各行各业分领域的政策文件陆续出台，初步构成了“1+N”政策体系。本系列文章旨在聚焦电力行业改革，为细化政策指令提出建议，以望在近期（即“十四五规划”）内对该政策体系提供支持。这些建议既基于我们全球团队对世界其他地区电力行业中许多措施可行性的分析，也综合了我们对中国政策和制度的理解，包括与政府相关部门和合作伙伴数十年的讨论与合作。

本文为此系列第一篇，概述了我们对电力部门改革的各方面建议，具体涵盖如下领域：

• 实施“全国统一电力市场体系”的下一步工作；
• 实施透明的电力部门规划，支持转型期间系统可靠性；
• 解锁低成本方案以支持系统灵活性和可再生能源并网；
• 在电力行业改革工作中落实“节约优先”的承诺。

This paper is also available in English.

The RAPPORT, Europe edition, March 2023

The RAPPORT, Europe edition, December 2022

Power Outage Rapid Response Toolkit

Interruptions in electricity supply – ‘the lights going out’ – make for arresting headlines and capture public attention. Yet it is strikingly rare for any kind of electricity generation shortfall to trigger blackouts: major reliability events are nearly always the result of grid failure incidents such as wires frying or being damaged by trees.

Furthermore, none of the recent events that have occurred in markets with high shares of renewables have been caused by over-reliance on renewables to provide sufficient electricity supplies. In spite of this, the fossil energy industry has a track record of seizing on any opportunity to promote the narrative that more fossil generation is needed and that the growing shift to renewables is undermining and driving up the cost of secure supplies.

To dispel many of the myths surrounding the causes of recent significant power outages, the toolkit looks at four case studies: Texas 2021, California 2020, Great Britain 2019 and South Australia 2016.

These case studies prove it is important that advocates for a clean energy transition can set the record straight quickly, credibly and substantively. This package equips advocates with information and tools to respond quickly to the misinformation that spreads rapidly in the wake of power grid reliability events, and in particular:

• introduces the advocate to reliability events, and their causes and consequences; 
• provides a checklist for advocates to understand and analyse emerging reliability events (a separate, interactive checklist can be downloaded here: Power Grid Rapid Response Checklist);
• provides holding lines for advocates during the information vacuum that normally proceeds a reliability event;
• explains why large-scale reliability events are almost always caused by network failures and not renewable electricity generation.

加强电力可靠性：欧盟及美国探索新流程完善季度电力分析

在全世界范围内，政策制定者都面临着在电网减碳的大前提下维持电力系统可靠性的难题。当下，随着新技术的诞生和学界及业界对低碳系统的理解加深，电网减碳从电力系统的负担转化为其不可多得的机遇，然而，如何抓住这些机遇来实现电力系统转型仍有一些挑战。各国的政策制定者应继续深化电力系统改革来优化电力市场运行和电力资源规划流程。这一改革可以确保在向经济、清洁的新能源系统转型的同时，整个电力系统的可靠性也得以保障。

欧盟和美国的决策者和专家都就此问题展开了热烈的政策讨论，尝试寻找新通路优化电力可靠性展望机制。尽管这些讨论的结果尚未完全成型，且电力可靠性的一些问题仍然存在，各国决策者仍可从这些讨论中汲取一些经验。本文就这些政策讨论中的新想法和做法作以简短总结，以供参考。

Five key actions for activating household demand-side flexibility

Securing a clean, efficient and affordable power system is a complex undertaking in the best of times. The current energy crisis, however, has compounded the challenge with a cost-of-living crisis, the need to free Europe from its dependency on Russian fossil gas, and the ever-present spectre of climate change. A seemingly insurmountable task begs all available resources. One of the most powerful — and often undervalued — solutions is household demand-side flexibility.

Empowering and rewarding consumers who are able to shift how and when they use electricity is a vital power system resource. Demand-side flexibility contributes to a reliable and decarbonised power system while reducing costs, a critical outcome for low-income and disadvantaged households.

On 28 September, the Electrification Academy was pleased to welcome Sophie Yule-Bennett to unpack the insight and recommendations from RAP’s 2022 study The joy of flex: Embracing household demand-side flexibility as a power system resource for Europe. She explored:

• The benefits of demand-side flexibility: sustainability, reliability, equity and affordability.
• Barriers to flexibility as a resource.
• Five key actions for activating household demand-side flexibility.

The RAPPORT, Europe edition, July 2022

Revitalising EU-Ukraine cross-border infrastructure for a secure, clean energy future

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is having a significant impact on the Ukrainian power sector. In recent years, the sector had started moving towards greater integration with the European Union and was making inroads into the shift to renewable energy sources.

The current situation is very challenging; not only is it slowing the nation’s energy transition, but it is also disrupting past achievements. Burgeoning renewable energy sources are being curtailed or shut down at unprecedented rates. This downturn results from the destructive effects of the war, coupled with inflexible generation sources.

One way to rectify this imbalance would be to maximise the current potential for interconnectivity between Ukraine and the EU. This, in turn, would allow the country to work towards three goals simultaneously. The increases in commercial energy flows can contribute to: increasing energy security, providing funds for continuing operation and reconstruction, and allowing for greater integration of renewables, thus achieving decarbonisation objectives faster.

While there are technical and legal requirements which must be fulfilled in order to expand Ukraine’s connectivity with the EU, decision-makers can maximise the value of the process by:

• Implementing transparent, market-based instruments for cross-border capacity allocation.
• Ensuring solutions benefit all customers and do not only serve individual vested interests.
• Laying out a roadmap for long-term structural reform of the Ukrainian energy system. Ideally, it focuses on ensuring energy security and advancing European and Ukrainian decarbonisation goals.

A Strategic Clean Flexible Load Reserve