2026年初，国家发展改革委、国家能源局联合印发《关于完善发电侧容量电价机制的通知》（发改价格〔2026〕114号），提出“电力现货市场连续运行后，有序建立发电侧可靠容量补偿机制，对机组可靠容量根据顶峰能力按统一原则进行补偿，公平反映不同机组对电力系统顶峰贡献。新能源装机占比高、可靠容量需求大的地区，应加快建立可靠容量补偿机制。”这标志着容量机制正逐渐从确保单个资源的固定成本补偿转移到如何利用容量电价机制更好地公平激励各类资源，推动实现包括保障系统资源充裕度、增强可靠性和灵活性，充分消纳清洁能源等多重目标。
法国容量市场有其独特的设计同时在演化过程中也面临着监管挑战。本文基于对法国容量市场的梳理，总结了其在机制设计方面的主要特点，尤其是在调动需求侧资源方面取得的进展，同时对实际运行中遇到的问题和相应的改革举措进行了初步归纳。结合法国经验，我们建议各省在实施114号文政策过程中，需要在资源充足性规划的框架下，遵循统一原则，进一步完善对各类资源可靠性贡献的评估；结合实际情况，探索通过公开透明的竞争机制，形成合理的反映电力供需关系的容量价格；同时，逐步加强对需求侧资源的支持与利用。这将和电力市场一体化进程紧密结合，共同为保障能源安全和绿色低碳转型提供有力支撑。
本文首刊于《能源决策与参考》，2026年4月
In early 2026, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the “Notice on Improving the Generation Side Capacity Pricing Mechanism” (NDRC [2026] No. 114), proposing that “after the continuous operation of the spot market, a generation side capacity compensation mechanism should be orderly established, compensating power units based on their peaking capacity under unified principles to fairly reflect the contribution of different units to meet system peak demand. Regions with high shares of renewable energy and significant effective capacity needs should accelerate the establishment of such a compensation mechanism.” This marks a shift in capacity mechanisms from ensuring fixed cost recovery for individual resources toward leveraging capacity pricing to more equitably incentivize diverse resources, advancing multiple objectives including ensuring system adequacy, enhancing reliability and flexibility, and fully integrating clean energy.
France’s capacity market has a unique design and faces regulatory challenges during its evolution. Based on a review of France’s capacity market, this paper summarizes its key design features of capacity mechanisms, in particular, the progress in mobilizing demand-side resources, and provides preliminary observations about its operational challenges and corresponding reform measures. Drawing from France’s experience, provinces in China could further refine assessment of the effective capacity of various resources within the framework of resource adequacy planning. They could also explore open and transparent competitive mechanisms to form reasonable capacity prices that reflect dynamics from supply and demand side. Additionally, they could gradually strengthen the support and utilization of demand-side resources. These efforts will closely align with the integration of power markets and collectively provide a strong foundation for energy security, and the transition toward green and low-carbon growth.
