在全球电力系统加速向可再生能源转型的背景下，“系统灵活性”已成为一项至关重要的核心资源，但目前行业的认知与重视程度仍显不足。当前，灵活性匮乏的痛点已日益凸显：负电价频发、新能源弃风弃光率不断攀升，以及净负荷陡峭爬坡给电网运行带来的严峻考验。

与传统意义上仅关注满足峰值负荷的单一“容量”概念不同，“灵活性”具有高度的多维特征——它因应用场景、响应速度和持续时长的不同而千差万别。为保障新型电力系统安全可靠且经济高效地运行，政策制定者亟需打破传统思维，全面升级现有的系统规划体系。

本报告总结了国际最佳实践，提出了一套具体、可复制的行动路线图，以确保系统的灵活性需求得到精准评估与有效满足。我们建议采取以下三项核心举措：

• 科学评估与量化缺口： 构建科学、透明、基于多情景的评估体系，精准识别系统在爬坡能力、新能源消纳或快速频率响应等方面的特定灵活性缺口。
• 完善定价与补偿机制： 推进电力市场机制迭代，引入具有针对性的交易品种，为不同维度的灵活性提供明确的价格信号与合理的收益补偿。
• 深度释放现有资源潜力： 破除技术与规则壁垒，唤醒各类具备调节潜力的资源。特别是对于共址储能（配建储能）等尚未被充分利用的表后资产（BTM），需确保其能够直接参与市场并响应价格激励。

报告充分汲取了全球前沿的创新实践——包括欧盟的全局灵活性评估方法、中国山东的爬坡辅助服务市场、澳大利亚的快速频率响应机制，以及美国加州的共址资源管理模式。基于这些极具实操性的洞察，本文旨在推动灵活性资源与电网实际需求实现精准、高效的匹配。

本文首刊于《能源决策参考》，2026年第9期

As power grids worldwide grapple with the transition to renewable energy, system flexibility has emerged as a critical, yet often misunderstood, resource. We are seeing the symptoms of flexibility shortages everywhere: frequent negative prices, rising renewable curtailment, and severe grid stress during steep net-load ramps.

Unlike traditional “capacity,” which focuses on a single dimension of meeting peak demand, “flexibility” is highly multi-dimensional — varying by application, response speed, and duration. To keep grids reliable and cost-effective, policymakers must urgently expand their planning frameworks.

This brief outlines a concrete, replicable roadmap to ensure system flexibility needs are accurately measured and met. Based on international best practices, we propose three core actions:

• Assess and Quantify: Establish a scientific, transparent, and scenario-based framework to pinpoint specific flexibility gaps (such as ramping, curtailment reduction, or fast frequency response).
• Value and Compensate: Update market designs and introduce targeted trading products to explicitly value and compensate the different dimensions of flexibility.
• Unlock Existing Potential: Remove technical and market barriers to ensure all capable resources — especially underutilized, behind-the-meter assets like co-located storage — can directly respond to these new market incentives.

Drawing on cutting-edge global innovations — from the EU’s holistic flexibility assessment methodology and Shandong’s ramping auxiliary service market, to Australia’s fast frequency response and California’s co-located resource model — this paper provides actionable insights to precisely match flexible resources with grid needs.