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理解碳市场和电力市场之间的相互作用以及它们之间的相互影响——是两者良好设计的关键。国际经验表明，以孤立的政策设计电力市场和碳市场不会带来最佳结果。协同设计这些方案有助于市场尽可能经济有效，并确保碳排放计划以尽可能低的成本为终端用户和整个电力部门实现目标。 碳价格可以通过以下方式减少电力部门的排放量:(1)改变电力部门的调度(即系统运行)；(2)影响有关发电厂和其他部门资源的投资(和撤资)决策；(3)改变能源需求。本文研究了这些相互作用，并提出电力市场如何适应以最大限度地提高碳价格的有效性。作者为中国的决策者，特别是设计碳市场的决策者提供了建议和意见。主要的发现可以总结为： 经济(或优先)调度极大地增强了碳市场的有效性，在这种调度中，发电厂的运行决策是基于其相对运行成本。实现经济调度的方法之一是实施设计良好的电力市场。 确保电力市场设计的其他要素正确，使碳市场既有效又具备经济性。这些元素包括发电补偿，市场监测和监管，减缓碳价对电力消费者的影响。 碳价格的影响可以通过碳收入的使用方式大大增强。将碳收入用于低碳资产(特别是终端能效和可再生能源)的投资，可以使碳价格本身的作用增加好几倍。 即使在已经建立了复杂的电力市场和碳市场的国家，电力部门规划仍然是能源和环境政策的关键组成部分。规划必须与碳市场设计和电力市场设计相结合。 在零售电价中反映电力生产的真实潜在成本(包括碳成本)将有助于碳市场减少排放。 本文于6月19日（上），20日（下）刊登于《南方能源观察》。 This paper is also available in English. View Summary +
Understanding the interactions between carbon markets and electricity markets — the impacts of each on the other — is key to good design of both. International experience shows that designing power markets and carbon markets in isolated policy “silos” does… View Summary +
With its pending Green Deal, the European Commission is striving to make Europe the first climate-neutral region by 2050. A lot is at stake with this goal. The transition to clean energy can help mitigate climate change and bring extensive… View Summary +
It all started in Krakow, Poland. The medieval city is known for its beauty, but also for poor air quality from coal heating. In 2012, a group of local residents joined together and founded the organisation Krakow… View Summary +
We have in Europe today a huge new opportunity to clean up our energy system, advance social justice and address catastrophic climate change. In this fact sheet, we illuminate the path to achieving these goals — carbon revenue recycling. In… View Summary +
In the 2018 legislative session, the Vermont Legislature called for a study to examine the possible methods, costs, and benefits of using carbon pricing to address the problem of carbon pollution in the state. RAP was then asked to assess… View Summary +
There is an increasing interest in the role so-called market-based instruments (MBIs) can play to deliver energy efficiency across the world. Their rising popularity among policymakers owes, in part, to their characteristics. They tend to be less prescriptive than traditional… View Summary +
Europe is racing to meet ambitious 2030 and 2050 climate goals but is still stumbling over one of the foundation stones of a cost-effective clean energy transition—investments in end-use energy efficiency. While this month’s “yellow vest” protests in France are… View Summary +
In the lively debate around carbon pricing and emission reductions, one crucial aspect is consistently missing. Much of the debate focuses on the carbon price alone. However, carbon revenues are at least as important as carbon prices if Europe’s goal is to accelerate emission reductions… View Summary +
“If your only tool is a hammer, every problem looks like a nail,” goes the saying. In the context of climate policy, the leading hammer is carbon pricing. To many economists and carbon market enthusiasts, putting a price on carbon… View Summary +
