随着电力现货市场建设的不断深入，放宽价格上下限对于反映真实的稀缺信号并激励全网灵活性资源至关重要。然而，在电力市场尚处于发展阶段的国家，决策者往往对放宽价格限制持谨慎态度，因为将零售端暴露于扩大的价格波动中，在缺乏有效防护机制的情况下，可能会给消费者带来巨大的财务风险。本报告深入探讨了虚拟电厂如何发挥电力市场“减震器”的作用。通过提升价格透明度、应用自动化调度技术以及引入创新售电合同，虚拟电厂能够成功保护终端用户免受极端价格波动的冲击，同时保障市场高效配置资源的能力。

本文首刊于《能源决策参考》，2026年5月

As electricity spot markets expand, widening price limits is essential to reflect real scarcity signals and incentivize flexibility resources across the grid. However, policymakers in countries with evolving markets are often reluctant to widen price limits, as exposing the retail side to these widened price fluctuations presents significant financial risks for consumers without adequate safeguards. This brief explores how Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) can serve as a vital “shock absorber” for the power market. By enhancing price transparency, implementing automated dispatch technologies, and introducing innovative retail contracts, VPPs can successfully shield end users from extreme price spikes while preserving the market’s ability to efficiently allocate resources.