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© The
Regulatory Assistance Project
1993-Present
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RAP Publications
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RAP has been publishing policy and research papers since its inception in 1992. We regularly publish our IssuesLetters on new or developing topics of interest to public utility regulators. In addition to our IssuesLetters, we publish a variety of significant papers analyzing and developing cutting edge regulatory policy. To find a document in our library of papers use our Search By Topic page or you can search for any word or phrase in our library by using our Full Text Search.
Our most recent significant papers include:
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Emissions Performance Standards in Selected States
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Author(s): Chris Simpson and Brenda Hausauer Date: November 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 70 KB |
Document Summary:
The Regulatory Assistance Project Research Staff prepared this summary of Emissions Performance Standards (EPS) that have been adopted by various states in the US. It is designed to provide a comparative summary of key EPS components for the interested reader—rather than attempt to evaluate the relative merits of the alternative approaches discussed in the summary. Each of the state summaries includes links to applicable laws and rules.
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ResearchBrief: Texas Energy Efficiency Policy and Program Framework and Requirements
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Author(s): Lainie Motamedi Date: October 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 178 KB |
Document Summary:
This is an overview of the Texas policy and program framework for delivering energy efficiency services. It is designed to provide a summary of the overall framework and requirements to the interested reader—rather than attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach. The “resources” section at the end of this paper provides additional material on program assessment and achievements, as well as links for the Texas Public Utility filings that present the stakeholders’ views on program design and implementation.
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Climate Policy and Affordability: Advocacy Opportunities in the Northeast
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Author(s): David Farnsworth, Ben D'Antonio and Edith Pike Biegunska Date: September 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 2 MB |
Document Summary:
The University of New Hampshire’s Carsey Institute and the Regulatory Assistance
Project (RAP) are cooperating in an effort to build capacity in northern New England’s
non-profit advocacy community. The goal of this endeavor is to strengthen the
capability to advocate for both effective and consumer-friendly energy and climate
legislation and programs at state and federal levels, linking greenhouse gas (GHG)
reduction with affordability and the development of more efficient housing.
On June 29, 2009, RAP hosted a webinar for Carsey Institute participants entitled “A
Framework for Understanding Cap-and-Trade Design.” RAP provided a follow-up
presentation, entitled “Effective Use of Energy and Climate Program Funding,” on July
27, 2009. The goal of this memorandum is to encapsulate the materials provided in
those presentations. It identifies opportunities where Maine, New Hampshire and
Vermont advocates can affect decisions that promote positive environmental outcomes
and equitable policies.
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中国大气污染防治法修改:基于国际经验的建议
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Author(s): Date: August 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 2 MB |
Document Summary:
2008 年11 月,中国环境保护部(环保部)邀请一些美国的大气污染治理专家来京参加中
国《大气污染防治法》(以下简称“大气法”)修改的研讨会,以期从美国大气污染监管
制度、1970 年美国《清洁大气法》及其修正案中汲取经验和教训。国际电力监管援助计划,美国自然资源保护委员会,以及美国能源基金会中国可持续能源项目组织的专家队伍为大气法的修改提供了一套书面建议。主要课题包括:大气质量区域和区域办公室;多污染物控制政策;能源政策与环境政策的整合;气候变化; 与工业的技术标准。
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Amending China’ s Air Pollution Prevention And Control Law: Recommendations From The International Experience
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Author(s): Date: August 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 2 MB |
Document Summary:
The amendment process of China’s Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law (Air Pollution Law), gaining speed in 2008-2009, presents an opportunity for international best practices to provide insight into the development of China’s future air quality regulatory regime. A team consisting of the Regulatory Assistance Project, the Energy Foundation’s China Sustainable Energy Program and the Natural Resources Defense Council, have prepared this volume of recommendations for the Air Pollution Law revisions. Key issues discussed include, among others, regional air quality management, multi-pollutant control strategies, integrated approached to energy and environmental regulation; climate change, and industrial pollution control measures.
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The Role of Decoupling Where Energy Efficiency Is Required by Law
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Author(s): Lisa Schwartz Date: August 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 263 KB |
Document Summary:
The September 2009 RAP Issuesletter gives an overview of energy efficiency resource standards and explains why such standards -- or broader requirements to acquire all cost-effective energy efficiency -- make it even more urgent that regulators decouple utility profits from utility sales in order to more fully tap the deep well of cost-effective efficiency resources and meet clean energy goals. The Issuesletter includes a basic description of decoupling and explains why decoupling is needed even where a third party administers energy efficiency programs.
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Red Eléctrica Inteligente o Políticas Inteligentes: ¿Qué viene primero?
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Author(s): David Moskovitz and Lisa Schwartz Date: July 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 263 KB |
Document Summary:
Con las grandes expectativas despertadas por la llamada “smart grid” o red eléctrica inteligente (y los millones de dólares en inversiones en redes inteligentes que están considerando las instituciones públicas), los organismos reguladores de servicios públicos y otros responsables de la formulación de políticas están explorando el valor de este concepto e intentan determinar qué conseguirán los consumidores por su dinero . . .
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IssuesLetter - Smart Grid or Smart Policies: Which Comes First?
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Author(s): David Moskovitz and Lisa Schwartz Date: July 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 1 MB |
Document Summary:
With the great expectations for smart grid – and billions of dollars in smart grid
grants to be divvied up under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act – Commissions
are looking for value in the concept and trying to determine what consumers
will get in return for their money. . .
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Rate Impacts and Key Design Elements of Gas and Electric Utility Decoupling: A Comprehensive Review
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Author(s): Pamela Lesh, NRDC Date: June 2009 |
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File Type/Size: PDF 304 KB |
Document Summary:
This report, written by Pamela Lesh of NRDC, compiles the rate impact experience during this decade with decoupling of retail gas and electric utility revenues from sales volumes and provides, along with this, information on relevant order numbers, statutes, mechanism descriptions, and implementing tariffs. Sources included utility and state regulatory commission websites, the American Gas Association and the Edison Electric Institute, and, in a few cases, helpful utilities.
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Welcome
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RAP is committed to fostering regulatory and market policies for the electric industry that encourage economic efficiency, protect environmental quality, assure system reliability, and allocate system benefits fairly to all customers.
RAP IS HIRING!
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Introduction to RAP
China | EU | India | Latin America | US
The Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) is a non-profit organization, formed in 1992 by experienced utility regulators, that provides research, analysis, and educational assistance to public officials on electric utility regulation.
RAP workshops cover a wide range of topics including electric utility restructuring, power sector reform, renewable resource development, the development of efficient markets, performance-based regulation, demand-side management, and green pricing. RAP also provides regulators with technical assistance, training, and policy research and development. RAP has worked with public utility regulators and energy officials in 45 states, Washington D.C., Brazil, India, Namibia, China, Egypt, and a number of other countries.
RAP principals and associates have also written and spoken extensively on energy policy and regulation. RAP Issuesletters, published quarterly, and RAP’s many in-depth reports and conference presentations provide serious and thoughtful discussion of cutting-edge issues in industry restructuring (e.g. market power, stranded costs, system benefits charges, customer choice, and consumer protection), and other current topics (e.g. resource portfolio management, policies for distributed generation and demand-side resources, distribution system regulation, reliability and risk management, rate design, electrical energy security, and environmental protection).
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United States Activities
Vermont Mediated Modeling
The Vermont Mediated Modeling Project is a collaborative process in which a broad group of stakeholders are working together to build a system dynamics model of the Vermont electric industry. With that model, the various stakeholders hope to draw insights on the distinct choices for future electric resource investments to serve Vermont's needs. RAP is an advisor to the process. Hear more about it here.
RAP Supports EPA Partnership States
The Regulatory Assistance Project is working with the US Environmental Protection Agency to support New Jersey, New Mexico, Arkansas and Minnesota in looking at energy efficiency. Details about the Arkansas docket can be found here.
Integrated Resource Planning State Surveys
The Regulatory Assistance Project is in the process of conducting State surveys on Electric Resource Long-range Planning. As state surveys are completed, they will be posted on the IRP Survey Feature Page.
Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative
The Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative is a many-stakeholder collaborative process created to promote and accelerate cost-effective deployment of distributed resources in the Mid-Atlantic States. RAP is facilitating the project, and is providing technical assistance on several issues, including regulatory and environmental policy. MADRI meets roughly once every five to six weeks. Details on the MADRI process are on its website.
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
RAP is participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), convened by the Governors of nine Northeast states, to create a regional cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas emissions from the region's power sector. RAP has been appointed to the Resources Panel advising the RGGI stakeholder process, and will be working on emissions allocations, regulatory and power market policies, and policy coordination with the region's utility regulators. .
Western Multi-State Entities Project
RAP assisted the Western Interstate
Energy Board (WIEB) in evaluating the form and scope of potential multi-state
entities designed to coordinate and integrate planning and operation of the
electric grid throughout the Western interconnection. This project was
managed by RAP Associate Bob Anderson. This work was conducted under a
contract with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories and funded by US DOE.
New England Demand Response Initiative
RAP recently completed work on the New England Demand Response
Initiative (NEDRI). NEDRI addressed the need for integrating demand response
programs into the ISO-New England operational and planning processes. Much
of the work of NEDRI has been embraced by the FERC. More information is available
on our feature page for New
England Demand Response Iniative.
Transmission Siting Initiative
RAP is assisting the National Council on Electric Policy with an assessment of existing transmission siting processes and proposals to improve siting regulations. The Council is made up of state legislators, state utility regulators, and state energy office directors. Staff from U.S. DOE, U.S. EPA and FERC also participate.
The Transmission Siting Initiative is designed to determine more effective transmission siting processes for the U.S., and promote and facilitate their implementation. By effective, we mean increasing the likelihood that needed projects will be built. Areas of inquiry will include: state regulatory processes, utility planning and project development processes, the process of multiple states collaborating in siting matters, system planning and the development of alternative solutions to system needs.
RAP is particularly interested in this initiative because it provides the opportunity to make wholesale power markets work more effectively, as well as the opportunity to value all electric system resources more accurately, including demand side and distributed resources. There will be three regional workshops for transmission siting stakeholders during the second quarter of 2004, which will be attended by invitation. For more information, contact Richard Sedano or check the website of the National Council on Electric Policy.
Advising Rhode Island PUC on Energy Efficiency Incentives
Aligning the incentives of the utility with the public interest is an objective of many state regulators. Recently the Rhode Island PUC became interested in developing a system of incentives that would cause energy efficiency program outcomes to be more in line with the commission's priorities and expectations.
RAP was hired in the Fall of 2002 to advise the PUC and Narragansett Electric in a docket on this subject. RAP assisted the utility in developing new performance indicators that would measure energy efficiency performance in ways valuable to both the utility and the regulator. A new set of performance indicators and incentives is now in place. During 2004, the incentive system will be evaluated by the PUC, with the continued involvement of RAP. See the Rhode Island documents on our Performance Based Regulation page, or contact Richard Sedano for more information.
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International Activities
Canadian Association of Members of Public Utility Tribunals
RAP is working with Summit Blue Consulting on a project to provide insight to Canadian utility regulators on energy efficiency and demand response. RAP and Summit Blue are doing extensive interviews with US and Canadian experts in and out of government, and will provide insight into how to determine appropriate objectives for these resources.
RAP Assisting China's SERC
RAP is continuing its participation in The Energy Foundation's China Sustainable Energy Program in Beijing. With an expanded presence on the ground, we are working closely with Chinese officials assisting in the establishment of a new electric regulator. In September, we conducted a workshop for the State Electric Regulatory Commission (SERC) in Beijing. David Moskovitz of RAP is pictured here with Vice Premier Huang Ju who attended the workshop.
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What's New
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New Issues and Topics
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National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency
RAP is an advisor to this project co-sponsored by the US DOE and US EPA which will be developed by a diverse group of stakeholders. "The goal of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency development is an aggressive new national commitment to energy efficiency by electric and natural gas utilities and partner organizations across the United States." Excel spreadsheets that summarize energy efficiency policies through 2008 in all the states based on categories in the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency can be found by clicking on the following links: Southeastern States Policy Grids Through 2008; New England States Policy Grids Through 2008; Western States Policy Grids Through 2008; Mid-Western States Policy Grids Through 2008; Mid-Atlantic States Policy Grids Through 2008. Excel spreadsheets that summarize energy efficiency policies through 2007 in all the states based on categories in the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency can be found by clicking on the following links: Southeastern States Policy Grids Through 2007; New England States Policy Grids Through 2007; Western States Policy Grids Through 2007; Mid-Western States Policy Grids Through 2007; Mid-Atlantic States Policy Grids Through 2007.
Vermont Mediated Modeling
The Vermont Mediated Modeling Project is a collaborative process in which a broad group of stakeholders are working together to build a system dynamics model of the Vermont electric industry. With that model, the various stakeholders hope to draw insights on the distinct choices for future electric resource investments to serve Vermont's needs. RAP is an advisor to the process. Hear more about it.
Paper on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Published
Electric Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in New England: An Assessment of Existing Policies and Prospects for the Future by Richard Sedano has been published with financial support from the US EPA, and modeling and policy assistance from Synapse Energy Economics. This report examines and quantifies the positive effects energy efficiency and renewable energy have on the general economy, the environment and energy security in New England. Interest was shown in these topics by a resolution of the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers in 2003, and in response the Regulatory Assistance Project produced this report.
Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative
The Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative is a many-stakeholder collaborative process created to promote and accelerate cost-effective deployment of distributed resources in the Mid-Atlantic States. RAP is facilitating the project, and is providing technical assistance on several issues, including regulatory and environmental policy. MADRI meets roughly once every five to six weeks. Details on the MADRI process are on its website.
Transmission Siting Project Primer Published
Rich Sedano and Matthew Brown have collaborated to write
Electricity Transmission: A Primer. The publication was prepared for the National Council on Electric Policy as part of a project to assist the National Council with an assessment of existing transmission siting processes and proposals to improve siting regulations. The primer is intended to help policymakers understand the physics, economics and policies that influence and govern the electric transmission system. Also included undere the scope of this project will be three regional workshops on transmission siting; sample transmission siting legislation produced by NCSL; sample transmission application produced by NARUC; and a final report with recommendations for improvements.
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
RAP is participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), convened by the Governors of nine Northeast states, to create a regional cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas emissions from the region's power sector. RAP has been appointed to the Resources Panel advising the RGGI stakeholder process, and will be working on emissions allocations, regulatory and power market policies, and policy coordination with the region's utility regulators.
EPRI Publishes RAP paper on Demand Response
Revealing the Value of Demand Response: Regulatory & Market Options
Results of a new study sponsored by EPRI explore market and regulatory options for correcting some of these failures. In doing so, the study recognizes the critical role that regulation plays in assuring that the competitive process works, as it should, to the benefit of all. In particular, the new report examines ways to better integrate demand response into electricity markets at both the wholesale and retail levels. More details about how to order Revealing the Value of Demand Response: Regulatory & Market Options can be found on the EPRI website.
Air Emissions Standards Progress in NE States
RAP has been working with environmental regulators in several northeastern states -- Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Maine, and Delaware -- as they develop rules for controlling the air emissions of distributed generation facilities. In most cases, the states are considering adoption of regulations based on a model rule that RAP developed during a two-year national stakeholder process.
State Distributed Generation Policy
RAP is working with the National Association of State Energy Officials on a project to better characterize policies that assist or prevent deployment of distributed generation, and to develop a tool for states to quickly assess the compatibility of their policies with distributed generation development.
Energy Efficiency Administration in California
RAP is working with the California Public Utilities Commission in its effort to settle on how energy efficiency program responsibilities, including overall administration, will be assigned.
National Commission on Energy Policy
RAP is assisting the National Commission on Energy Policy in its consideration of national electricity policies, with a particular focus on consumer protection and consumer-oriented resource supply issues.
Assistance to Efficiency Vermont
RAP is assisting Vermont's unique Efficiency Utility to provide information on the "efficiency utility" concept, structure, and operations to decisionmakers in other jurisdictions interested in creating new mechanisms to deliver efficiency services. RAP has participated in briefings for officials in New Jersey, the District of Columbia, New Brunswick, and California on these topics.
Demand Response Technical Assistance
In follow-up to the RAP-led New England Demand Response Initiative (NEDRI), the US DOE has asked RAP to provide technical assistance to PUCs, regional ISOs and power pools, state legislatures and others on the policy recommendations developed by the NEDRI stakeholders. Assistance activities so far have occurred in Maine, Connecticut, Vermont, and for working groups within three regional power pools: NE-ISO, the NYISO, and PJM.
Resource Portfolio Management Emerging as New Standard
Faced with increasing volatility in supply costs, both
vertically integrated utilities and providers of default service must
utilize portfolio management theory to mitigate risks. Regulators face
the challenge of developing a new prudent man standard that incorporates
risk-management as a central theme. RAP has been a leader in developing
portfolio management as a regulatory standard for the electric sector.
For more information see our feature page on Retail
Resource Procurement and Portfolio Management.
Who Should Deliver Ratepayer Funded Energy Efficiency?
The success of ratepayer funded energy efficiency programs depends more on clear and consistent commitment of policy makers and regulators than on the administrative structure employed. Either utility administration or administration by a third party non-governmental organization can work well. State agency administration is generally a weaker third choice. For the full report, see Who Should Deliver Ratepayer Funded Energy Efficiency?. For more on Energy Efficiency, see our feature page on Energy Efficiency, Demand-side Resources and Demand Response.
Emissions Standards for Distributed Generation
Innovations in technology, changes in the economics of the electric industry and a variety of regulatory reforms have combined to create new opportunities for small-scale, distributed generation (DG), offering additional ways to capture production cost savings and other benefits. With these opportunites come challenges. For air regulators, DG raises particular concerns because diesel and natural gas comubstions make the lion's share of installations. If DG is to benefit electric systems across the country, states will need tackle the emissions question head on.
Although developers may rankle at the idea of regulation, far more frustrating to them woud be a hodgpodge of inconsistent and even incompatibale rules. In the long run, the industry, the electric system and the environment will be better served by a set of like rules across states and regions. Approaches and solutions to these issues are discussed in our IssuesLetter: Output-Based Emissions Standards for Distributed Generation. For more on the collaboratve
process and its work product and publications see our feature page on the Distributed Resources Emissions Collaborative.
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RAP Presentations
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Many of the presentations made by RAP Principals at conferences and workshops are available for viewing and downloading in PDF format. To find a presentation in our library use our Search By Topic page or you can search for any word or phrase in our library by using our Full Text Search.
Our most recent presentations are listed below:
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Clean Energy and The Power of Demand Side Resources
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| Author(s): Richard Sedano Date: December 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 1 MB |
Document Summary:
This is a presentation presented by Richard Sedano at Oklahoma’s Revolution 2009 wind energy conference in Oklahoma City on December 2, 2009.
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Energy Efficiency Incentives for Utilities: Approaches in US, Stakeholder Process in Idaho
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| Author(s): Lisa Schwartz, Jim Lazar and Wayne Shirley Date: November 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 151 KB |
Document Summary:
RAP presentation for a Webinar convened by Idaho State Senator Elliot Werk. Explains how sales and conservation affect utility profits and how positive financial incentives for utilities can promote acquisition of all cost-effective energy efficiency. Covers types of shareholder incentives, design features, and pros and cons. Describes the Idaho Power stakeholder process for developing an incentive mechanism for consideration by the Idaho Public Utilities Commission and principles for legislative actions. Includes a map of energy efficiency incentives in place as of November 2009 for US utilities.
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Energy Efficiency Incentives for Utilities: A Review of the Approaches So Far
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| Author(s): Lisa Schwartz and Wayne Shirley Date: October 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 466 KB |
Document Summary:
Presentation by Lisa Schwartz and Wayne Shirley for a workshop on energy efficiency incentives for utilities, hosted by the Idaho Office of Energy Resources on October 6, 2009. Includes an overview of incentive approaches and a survey of current incentive mechanisms for U.S. utilities based on a review of source documents.
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Tour of Smart Grid Projects and State Policies
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| Author(s): Lisa Schwartz Date: September 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 225 KB |
Document Summary:
Status report on smart grid projects, primarily in the U.S., and nascent state policies to address smart grid development and implementation. Presented to the Oregon Public Utility Commission on Sept. 9, 2009.
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Implementing Energy Efficiency in Wyoming
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| Author(s): Richard Sedano and Lisa Schwartz Date: August 2009 |
| File Type/Size: PDF 1 MB |
Document Summary:
This is a presentation made by Richard Sedano and Lisa Schwartz at an Energy Efficiency Workshop for the Wyoming Public Service Commission.
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