Knowledge Center
We believe that sharing our expertise and collaborations in clean energy policy is how real, effective change happens.
From reports and policy briefs, to webinars and podcasts—RAP advisors have built an extensive collection of resources providing in-depth analysis and practical solutions to today’s energy challenges.
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In this response to the European Commission’s public consultation on a new electricity market design, RAP sets out its view on the roles of markets and support policies in the context of the transition to a decarbonised power sector. The… View Summary +
This policy brief details a contestable approach to interconnector investment aimed at introducing new sources of capital to ensure a robust and secure transmission network in Europe. Greater interconnection capacity will also help to meet Europe’s renewable targets more cost-effectively… View Summary +
This policy brief reinforces the need for a regional approach to resource adequacy and highlights the importance of demand-side resources to ensuring reliability and meeting clean energy targets in Europe. Utilizing data from the latest ENTSO-e Scenario Outlook and Adequacy… View Summary +
电力行业耗煤约占中国每年煤炭消费总量的一半。为此,中国要实现空气质量治理方面的宏伟目标,落实在煤炭消费控制、能源效率、可再生能源和碳排放方面的政策,电力行业必须在政策、法规、市场和经营模式方面做出改变。… View Summary +
Collaboratives for energy efficiency have a long and successful history and are currently used, in some form, in more than half of the U.S. states. Collaboratives can be useful to gather stakeholder input on changing program budgets and program changes… View Summary +
Deutschland hat den Anspruch, eine kosteneffiziente, umweltfreundliche und sichere Energieversorgung zu gewähren. Allerdings schließt Kosteneffizienz auch die optimierte Bereitstellung der nachfrageseitigen Ressourcen im Verhältnis zu den angebotsseitigen Ressourcen (inklusive des Netzes) ein. Dieser Aspekt ist in der nationalen Effizienzdebatte bisher… View Summary +
Kontekst europejski: W większości krajów europejskich ekstremalnie wysokie temperatury wywołały presję na krajowych operatorów i system energetyczny. Presja objawiała się koniecznością podejmowania dodatkowych działań bilansujących i generowała dodatkowe koszty, np. w Niemczech operator systemu przesyłowego wyliczył je na 25 mln… View Summary +
The development of integrated, regional electricity markets is progressing rapidly in Europe and market integration is producing tangible results, evidenced by a reduction of around one-third in average wholesale prices over the period 2008 to 2012. However, while Member States… View Summary +
Although individual utility companies own the power plants and lines that generate and carry electricity to consumers, many have joined regional transmission operators (RTOs), which coordinate resources over a broader geographic area to secure greater system reliability and reduce costs. View Summary +
This brief paper outlines standard approaches to utility cost allocation and explores how decisions made by regulators affect eventual rate designs (i.e., how a utility’s revenue requirement is apportioned among customer classes). Jim Lazar provides an overview of different approaches… View Summary +
This brief paper reviews rate design approaches used by vertically integrated utilities. Jim Lazar discusses elements common to vertically integrated utilities across the U.S., including the establishment of customer classes, seasonal and time-of-use rates, inclining block rates, critical peak pricing… View Summary +
This short paper examines how electricity rates are designed in competitive markets. Wilson Gonzalez outlines and provides examples of wholesale generation auction processes and results, reviews capacity markets and the role of regional transmission organizations and independent system operators, and… View Summary +
Jim Lazar makes the case against straight fixed/variable rate design, in which all costs claimed to be fixed are recovered in a monthly charge, and only those considered variable are recovered on a per kilowatt-hour basis. This approach stabilizes utility… View Summary +
Michigan, like many other states, faces the concurrent forces of emerging technologies, changing economics of fuel sources, new environmental regulations, aging infrastructure, and regional wholesale electric market influences. To address these challenges and ensure successful implementation of the state’s energy… View Summary +