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Knowledge Center
We believe that sharing our expertise and collaborations in clean energy policy is how real, effective change happens.
From reports and policy briefs, to webinars and podcasts—RAP advisors have built an extensive collection of resources providing in-depth analysis and practical solutions to today’s energy challenges.
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随着电力体制改革的深入和电力市场化的推进,中长期市场和现货市场发展迅速。长期以来,电力中长期合同被视作保供稳价的“压舱石”,随着改革的不断深入,中长期市场中存在的两个关键问题逐渐暴露出来,即不合理的上网电价机制以及对电力调度产生的深层次影响,进而延缓了新能源入市进程。针对这些问题,我们对现状进行了梳理并总结了一些国际经验,对完善燃煤发电上网电价和通过中长期市场支持系统灵活性等方面提出了五点思路。… View Summary +
![grid transmission line](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pexels-brett-sayles-932177-680x420.jpg)
Part of RAP and ICCT’s Benefits of EVs Through Smart Charging Global Project With economic forces and policy efforts encouraging transportation electrification, it is critical that electric vehicle (EV) demand on the power grid be carefully integrated to avoid unnecessarily… View Summary +
![A white electric vehicle is parked in front of a house, charging from a residential charger.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GOUS-Featured.png)
Increasing the availability of renewable energy is key to reducing harmful carbon pollution. But before building a large-scale solar or wind project, developers may need approvals from multiple levels of government. These reviews may consider project aesthetics, economics, land use… View Summary +
![Solar panels and two white wind turbines against blue sky](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cover-wind-solar-credit-kurmyshov-iStock-599972648.jpeg)
(A summary version of this paper is also available.) An increasing number of national, state and local government leaders recognize that rapidly decarbonizing the electricity grid is necessary to slow the disruptive effects of a changing climate. At the… View Summary +
![Young woman gesturing to large computer screen showing wind and solar energy](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/renewables-woman-screen-iStock-1402667894.jpg)
(A technical version of this paper, with four detailed appendices, is also available.) An increasing number of national, state and local government leaders recognize that rapidly decarbonizing the electricity grid is necessary to slow the disruptive effects of a… View Summary +
![Young woman gesturing to large computer screen showing wind and solar energy](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/renewables-woman-screen-iStock-1402667894.jpg)
冬夏季的用电高峰时常让电力系统面临供应不足的风险。除却发电机组的基本调峰外,利用分时电价引导用户错峰用电通常是一种经济的选择。但在某些情况下,静态的分时电价可能无法灵活应对突发状况。相比之下,实时电价作为更“智能”的定价方式,通过揭示系统当前的供需和运行状况,能够及时反映系统在小时和分钟内的变化,使消费者得以根据实际的发电成本做出相应的用电调整。而在消费者方面,大型用户在管理和控制用电方面具有更高的灵活性,更容易适应实时电价机制。 … View Summary +
![a clock surrounding by green plants](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/pexels-mikhail-nilov-8542952-680x420.jpg)
有关容量补偿机制的讨论正在不断增多,近期发布的《电力现货市场基本规则》中更提到,需要“结合实际需要探索建立市场化容量补偿机制”。然而,我们观察到,设计不当的容量补偿机制可能导致电力资源过度投资次优类资源,无法有效传达对低效资源的淘汰信号,最终导致了部分市场的超额成本和多余排放。因而,在电力系统的转型过程中,如若决定开展容量补偿机制,我们建议对其设计提出明确、谨慎和可控的条件。 … View Summary +
![Hands of two people stretch across a white table, reviewing a sheaf of print-outs of market reports and charts.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Featured-从欧美实践看容量补偿中的关键考虑因素.jpg)
India is on an ambitious path India has embarked on aggressive plans to reform its electricity sector in keeping with its nationally determined contributions (NDC) submitted to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and with its current and… View Summary +
![A young male technician worker wearing green vests and helmet checks the maintenance of the solar panels and talking about installation of new solar panel with farmer](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/shutterstock_1780391507-scaled-1-680x420.jpg)
Two important factors are advancing the shift to clean heating in Europe: First, the fossil gas crisis underscored the value of saving energy and the urgent need for affordable heat for all. Second, the race to meet climate goals has… View Summary +
![Electric transmission wires and district heating tubes under blue skies](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/district-heat-ifeu-paper-wordpress-680x420.jpeg)
电力合同管理的相关政策、法规和市场机制对于电力系统的可靠性、效率、成本和排放都有着重大影响。这不仅在中国和美国,而且在世界其他各国都同样如此,特别是对那些致力于实现碳排放目标的国家来说更是如此。在2010年代初开始的工作基础上,中国国家发展和改革委员会和国家能源局最近颁布的政策文件中也呼吁要在电力中长期合同和合同履约机制方面继续发展。… View Summary +
中国做出具有历史性意义的双碳目标承诺后,中共中央、国务院、国家发改委和国家能源局发布了“1+N”政策体系中的首要两个政策文件,为电力部门制定了顶层设计方案,提出了“加快建设新型电力系统”及“优化清洁能源发电”等要求。2021年以来,各行各业分领域的政策文件陆续出台,初步构成了“1+N”政策体系。本系列文章旨在聚焦电力行业改革,为细化政策指令提出建议,以望在近期(即“十四五规划”)内对该政策体系提供支持。这些建议既基于我们全球团队对世界其他地区电力行业中许多措施可行性的分析,也综合了我们对中国政策和制度的理解,包括与政府相关部门和合作伙伴数十年的讨论与合作。 本文为此系列第一篇,概述了我们对电力部门改革的各方面建议,具体涵盖如下领域: 实施“全国统一电力市场体系”的下一步工作; 实施透明的电力部门规划,支持转型期间系统可靠性; 解锁低成本方案以支持系统灵活性和可再生能源并网; 在电力行业改革工作中落实“节约优先”的承诺。 This paper is also available in English. View Summary +
Pompy ciepła to jedna z kluczowych technologii na drodze transformacji energetycznej, już niedługo stanie się najważniejszą technologią dla dekarbonizacji ogrzewnictwa. Obecnie zdecydowana większość ciepła do gospodarstw domowych jest dostarczana przez paliwa kopalne. W celu promowania i zachęcania do instalowania pomp… View Summary +
![ZRÓWNOWAŻONY RYNEK POMP CIEPŁA](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Screen-Shot-2023-05-01-at-10.26.02-AM-680x420.png)
2021年以来,能源规划、碳达峰行动方案、新型储能指导意见等多份政策文件中都强调了虚拟电厂的发展,北京、内蒙古、浙江等多地也将虚拟电厂写入其“十四五”能源发展规划。在中国的双碳目标下,发展虚拟电厂对于促进清洁能源消纳,实现电力系统安全运行等方面,具备重要意义。… View Summary +
在应对气候变化和能源危机背景下,绿色低碳转型是实现全球经济与能源可持续发展的必要路径。分布式能源因具有清洁、低碳、且离负荷中心较近等优点,是以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的重要组成部分。在过去15年中,中国分布式能源政策不断演化和发展。根据近期政策,在2020到2025年期间,现行的政策支持逐步取消,分布式能源将逐渐转向市场导向和竞争模式。因此,“十四五”期间是分布式能源发展由补贴驱动转为市场驱动的重要转折期。… View Summary +
Significant progress has been made in the renewable energy sector, with wind and solar power making up a substantial portion of global power production, accounting for almost one-quarter of noncarbon-emitting generation. This is a considerable improvement from just a decade… View Summary +
![An installer, wearing an orange jumpsuit, finishes placing solar panels.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Climate-Action-Energy-Security-shutterstock_496741603-680x420.jpg)