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Policy Brief

NOx Standards for Water Heaters: Model Rule Technical Support Document

By John Shenot, Nancy Seidman, Elaine Prause, Donna Brutkoski, Steena Williams

RAP developed a model rule for use by U.S. state and local air quality regulators to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from water heaters. This technical support document was published to assist regulators and staff in understanding and making use of the model rule. It describes why water heaters are a significant source of air pollution, why NOx emissions st...

Air Quality and Multi-Pollutant Strategies, Heating and Cooling Download View Summary
Policy Brief November 22, 2022

Using Benefit-Cost Analysis to Improve Distribution System Investment Decisions: Issue Brief

By John Shenot, Elaine Prause, Jessica Shipley

Electric utility regulators are paying closer attention than ever before to individual distribution system investment decisions, in part because of the rapid growth in distributed energy resources and the need for new grid modernization investments. To achieve the best outcomes for ratepayers and society, regulators need robust and comprehensive tools for eval...

Energy Resource Planning Download View Summary
Report November 22, 2022

Using Benefit-Cost Analysis to Improve Distribution System Investment Decisions: Reference Report

By John Shenot, Elaine Prause, Jessica Shipley

Electric utility regulators are paying closer attention than ever before to individual distribution system investment decisions, in part because of the rapid growth in distributed energy resources and the need for new grid modernization investments. To achieve the best outcomes for ratepayers and society, regulators need robust and comprehensive tools for eval...

Energy Resource Planning Download View Summary
Fact Sheet

NOx, NOx — Who’s There? Decarbonizing Buildings Through Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Standards

By Nancy Seidman, John Shenot

This fact sheet, prepared as a poster for presentation at the ACEEE 2022 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, describes the concept of a model rule to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from fossil fuel-fired water heaters, an opportunity to transform the market for these appliances by driving the adoption of cleaner, more energy-efficient elect...

Air Quality and Multi-Pollutant Strategies, Heating and Cooling Download View Summary
Presentation June 17, 2022

Draft RAP Model Rule for Water Heater NOx Emissions

By Nancy Seidman, John Shenot

​In a presentation for national advocates, Nancy Seidman and John Shenot proposed an innovative model rule concept to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions from water heaters, a significant source of emissions that has received little attention from state regulators....

Air Quality and Multi-Pollutant Strategies, Climate and Public Health Download View Summary
Presentation June 2, 2022

Evaluation Methods for Grid Investments and DERs

By John Shenot

​In a webinar for the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission, John Shenot explored cost-effectiveness methods and the increasing applicability of benefit-cost analysis for grid modernization investments and distributed energy resources. ...

Distributed Generation, Storage, and EVs, Energy Resource Planning Download View Summary
Presentation May 19, 2022

Draft RAP Model Rule for Water Heater NOx Emissions

By Nancy Seidman, John Shenot

​In a presentation for committee members of the Ozone Transport Commission, Nancy Seidman and John Shenot discussed progress on their innovative model rule concept to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions from water heaters, a significant source of emissions that has received little attention from state regulators....

Air Quality and Multi-Pollutant Strategies, Climate and Public Health Download View Summary
Policy Brief February 28, 2022

Rate-Making Principles and Net Metering Reform: Pathways for Wisconsin

By John Shenot, Camille Kadoch, Carl Linvill, Jessica Shipley

A growing number of states have considered reforms to their net metering practices in recent years, a period of decreasing prices for distributed energy resources, rapid changes in technology and evolution of the electricity system.  Depending on its design, a net metering program can advance specific policy goals while maintaining sound principles of rate de...

Distributed Generation, Pricing and Rate Design Download View Summary
Presentation

Putting the Customer First: How States Can Keep Driving the Energy Transition

By David Littell, Nancy Seidman, Jessica Shipley, John Shenot, Richard Sedano

In a roundtable webinar discussion, RAP staff highlighted what states can do (and are doing) on a variety of topics — from performance regulation to system planning to rate design — to navigate the energy transition with the customer’s interests always a top priority. The panel also discussed opportunities stemming from federal action....

Regulation and Governance Download View Summary