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We believe that sharing our expertise and collaborations in clean energy policy is how real, effective change happens.
From reports and policy briefs, to webinars and podcasts—RAP advisors have built an extensive collection of resources providing in-depth analysis and practical solutions to today’s energy challenges.
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需求响应对中国并不陌生，90年代已经开始通过行政、经济和技术手段对部分终端用户负荷进行控制。传统的需求响应项目主要以有序用电方式来缓解电力供应紧张的情况，应对电力突发事件。具体的措施有错峰、避峰、限电、拉闸。除了有序用电，一些地区还制定了较为完善的电价体系来调节供需，例如，峰谷电价、季节电价、阶梯电价、差别电价等。有序用电在保障电网安全运行和维护用电秩序方面发挥了重要的作用，但是需求响应作为电力系统相比供应侧更低成本和清洁的资源，它的价值并未得到充分体现。参与者也未能得到足够的经济补偿，因而没有动力将需求响应的效益扩大化。本文在简要回顾美国需求响应项目的历史背景之后，介绍电力公司开展的需求响应项目和市场化条件下的需求响应的情况，从而揭示美国需求响应的经济学原理和监管方法。中国目前正在进行需求响应试点并开始探索各种补偿方式，虽然开展项目的出发点有所不同，美国需求响应经济学的讨论对中国同样适用，可以为中国起到很好的借鉴作用。… View Summary +
Rate design for electric utility customers is an arcane topic that matters a lot, and there is simply no one-size-fits-all approach. However, all effective rate designs reflect the costs incurred to provide reliable service throughout the year. As the first… View Summary +
In diesem Kommentar stellt RAP übergreifende Fragen zu regionalen Flexibilitätsmärkten, die in Deutschland im Zusammenhang mit der so genannten „Netzampel” diskutiert werden. In deren „gelben Phase“ sollen lokale und regionale Netzbetreiber Engpässe im Netz über eine wettbewerbliche Beschaffung von Ausgleichsenergie… View Summary +
6月上旬，美国环保署提出了一项温室气体减排法草案——“清洁电力计划”。因美国国会中有人反对立法限制温室气体排放，所以美国环保署只能在《清洁空气法案》赋予的监管权限范围内提出该草案。美国环保署预计，到2030年，该计划的实施可使美国电力行业比2005年减少30%的二氧化碳排放。美国要实现这一目标，发电企业每年需要减少二氧化碳排放约5亿吨。为此，该计划被认为是有史以来美国联邦政府在对抗全球变暖问题上做出的最大举动。无论如何，这一草案规划值得我们密切关注。就此，中国电力报记者朱怡对睿博能源智库(RAP)的中国和美国项目主任金珂瑞（Christopher… View Summary +
As part of its climate and energy package, Germany has set ambitious long-term goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent, primary energy consumption 50 percent, and power consumption 25 percent by 2050. Meeting these goals will require aggressive investment… View Summary +
Motivating power producers to plan for and develop enough capacity to meet the needs of customers during times of peak demand has been a challenge for power planners. A substantial portion of system capacity is needed for a relatively small… View Summary +
Co-authors of the publication “Decoupling Case Studies: Revenue Regulation Implementation in Six States,” Janine Migden-Ostrander and Dave Lamont explored different approaches to revenue regulation programs in a webinar held on September 11, 2014. They highlight design and policy options for… View Summary +
This policy brief outlines a number of concerns regarding the design of the proposed Great Britain capacity market and, more generally, over the Department for Energy and Climate Change’s (DECC) decision to opt for a market-wide capacity remuneration mechanism (CRM)… View Summary +
本报告研究表明，全球许多国家和地区的供电公司都在将终端能效作为资源，用于满足客户对能源服务的需求。能效被视为是一种具有成本效益的方案，可替代对供电侧资源的投资（比如建设发电厂和电网扩容）。本篇文章列出利用能效作为电力系统资源的一系列好处，并且强调这一点在中国尤为重要，因为能效可以为减少空气污染作出贡献。本文建议中国政府应该尽快开展行动，为电网公司利用能效作为电力系统资源扫除障碍，并且建立政策和监管机制来促使通过推广电网公司开展的能效项目，… View Summary +
2014年6月，美国环保署提出了一项温室气体减排法草案—“清洁电力计划”，因美国国会中有人反对立法限制温室气体排放，所以美国环保署只能在《清洁空气法案》赋予的监管权限范围内提出该草案。美国环保署预计，到2030年，该计划的实施可使美国电力行业比2005年减少30%的二氧化碳排放。这一草案规划值得我们密切关注，因为它囊括了很多对中国非常有用的设计元素，特别是将能效作为资源的概念以及通过调整电厂调度、减少排放的实践做法。本文提供了“清洁电力计划”涵盖要素的整体介绍，并就几处设计亮点做出了分析，可以为中国的能源行业提供一些借鉴。… View Summary +
Thanks in large part to some recent guidance and proposed federal regulations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), state and local air pollution regulators have a growing interest in using energy efficiency (EE) as a strategy to improve air… View Summary +
Energy efficiency (EE) is generally recognized as a least-cost option. However, the details of designing programs do not always lend themselves to easy consensus. These details include program size, cost recovery mechanisms, lost revenues, cost-allocation, and incentives. Adding other clean… View Summary +
In June 2014, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued proposed greenhouse gas regulations called the Clean Power Plan. Because of opposition in the U.S. Congress to enacting legislation to limit greenhouse gas emissions, EPA used its existing regulatory… View Summary +
Half of Americans live in areas violating national health-based air quality standards. Coal- and gas-fired power plants are important contributors to the problem. The Clean Air Act has historically addressed power plants through regulation of smokestack emissions, employing “stovepiped,” pollutant-by-pollutant… View Summary +
This paper shows that, in several jurisdictions around the world, electricity utilities employ end-use energy efficiency as a resource in meeting their customers’ needs for energy services. Energy efficiency is seen as a cost-effective alternative to investing in supply-side resources,… View Summary +