Knowledge Center
We believe that sharing our expertise and collaborations in clean energy policy is how real, effective change happens.
From reports and policy briefs, to webinars and podcasts—RAP advisors have built an extensive collection of resources providing in-depth analysis and practical solutions to today’s energy challenges.
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电力现货市场的价格波动有利于提高市场效率和体现新能源的环境效益，但同时也会引发公众和政策制定者对价格波动的担忧。因此，当前中国电力现货市场设置了价格上限和下限，旨在稳定价格，避免剧烈的价格波动。但在实际操作中，过紧的价格管控也可能抑制市场价格调节机制的发挥，不利于清洁能源发展。比如，价格上限过低限制了灵活资源（如储能、需求响应）投资和参与，导致峰时电力供应不足，以致煤电资源冗余，反而增加系统成本；价格下限则阻碍了低价可再生能源的竞争优势体现，模糊了资源调度的优先顺序，并影响需求侧响应的积极性。… View Summary +
Denmark is a European frontrunner in heating decarbonisation. The country’s district heating systems serve the majority of buildings nationwide, especially in urban and suburban areas. District heating in Denmark increasingly relies on clean energy, benefits from efficiencies and economies of… View Summary +
Growing demand for electricity in buildings is creating new opportunities and challenges for electric and natural gas planning. Planning processes for the electric and gas systems are largely separate, and only a few jurisdictions have started to examine how they… View Summary +
Virtual power plants (VPPs) have received wide attention in China from central government agencies, provincial governments and, in some cases, municipal governments. Central and provincial policy directions have called for broader adoption of VPPs and successful programmes have been piloted. View Summary +
Part of RAP and ICCT’s Benefits of EVs Through Smart Charging Global Project With economic forces and policy efforts encouraging transport electrification, it is critical that electric vehicle (EV) demand on the power grid be carefully integrated to avoid unnecessarily… View Summary +
Industrial energy use — including for heat in industrial processes — is a significant source of carbon emissions in Europe, accounting for 20% of the region’s greenhouse gas emissions. To meet climate and renewable energy goals, industrial decarbonisation needs to… View Summary +
The European Commission is currently developing an electrification strategy to deliver this vital tool for meeting EU climate targets. One aspect that has been historically overlooked is the contribution of energy efficiency policy in the electrification process. Up to now,… View Summary +
Heat pumps, a critical technology for clean energy systems, are becoming the most important technology for heating decarbonisation. Currently, the vast majority of heat is provided by fossil fuels. In order to promote and encourage heat pump installations across the… View Summary +
Beginning in the 1980s, governments around the world introduced market reforms to their electricity supply industries in order to create competition in the production and supply of electricity. A standard textbook approach relied on empowering an independent electricity regulator while… View Summary +
车网融合是应对电动汽车充电需求快速增长的关键策略。通过智能有序充电，电动汽车不仅可以减轻对电网的压力，还能成为重要的灵活性资源。实现这一目标的基础在于通过交通和电力部门的紧密合作达成的车网协同规划。为推进车网协同规划，我们建议在进行电力规划时应首先考虑经合理疏导后电动汽车充电行为的灵活性，并且根据电网需要，通过扎实、基于实证的分析来推算合理优化后的有序充电行为，将优化后的充电曲线叠加其他负荷来相应安排电力投资计划。协同规划大致可以分为三步：(1)… View Summary +
Equipment emissions standards are a critical policy option that states can use to improve air quality and achieve climate goals equitably and affordably. Emissions standards are feasible and effective ways to tackle a major source of building pollution at the time of… View Summary +
This paper considers ways in which utilities and regulators can encourage electric vehicle owners’ participation in utility-managed charging programs. Unmanaged EV charging creates the risk of squandering electric system capacity and, instead, increasing system costs, which are borne by all… View Summary +
尽管热泵具备高效和环保的优势，但因多种因素，包括化石燃料的优惠政策和未全面量化的电网协同效益，热泵的推广仍面临挑战。现阶段，热泵的运行成本给供热企业造成了一种高于其他技术选择的错觉。因此，还需积极探索能够彰显热泵真正价值的方式，并寻找提升其市场竞争力的有效途径。… View Summary +
Reducing emissions in Europe’s buildings necessitates replacing fossil fuel boilers with greener alternatives. Hybrid heat pumps have been considered by some to be an interim step between fossil fuel and electric heating. ‘Hybrid heat pump’ is a term which is… View Summary +
