Michał Smoleń joined RAP to work on EU electricity policy and regulation, with a special focus on Poland. His key interests include market design, subsidy schemes, renewable energy integration, and the electrification of the economy. He also has in-depth experience with energy system modelling, policy analysis, industrial policy and just transition. Working with local policymakers and organisations, Michał draws on RAP expertise to support the Polish energy transition.
Prior to joining RAP, Michał worked as the head of the Energy Team at the Polish Economic Institute, a public think tank, on issues related to electricity taxation, industrial competitiveness and energy markets. Before that, he led the Energy & Climate Research Programme at Instrat, a leading Polish NGO energy policy think tank, implementing projects on modelling national transition pathways, ongoing Polish strategic and regulatory developments, and electrification. In those roles, Michał cooperated with a network of Polish and international experts and media. Earlier in his career, Michał gained experience as a PwC Poland Senior Associate in the Public Sector Advisory Team, collaborating with administrations at all levels on issues of development policy, just transition in coal and post-industrial regions, and organisational improvements.
Michał holds degrees from the University of Warsaw in sociology (Master of Arts, with a focus on organisations, markets and labour), philosophy (Bachelor of Arts), and cultural studies (Bachelor of Arts). He is an alumnus of the School for Political Leadership.
He is based in Warsaw, where he lives in the green Żoliborz district with a dog and a cat.
Latest Insights from RAP Experts
如何按照“统一原则和供需关系”完善容量电价机制
国家发展改革委、国家能源局发布的114号文，为我国发电侧容量机制改革明确了“分类完善—可靠容量补偿—容量市场”的三步演进路径。其中，第二阶段建立发电侧可靠容量补偿机制，是衔接现行容量电价与未来容量市场的关键环节。本文结合114号文要求及甘肃、青海等地方实践，分析当前容量机制在资源统一比较、供需匹配和动态调整等方面存在的问题，并借鉴欧美成熟电力市场经验，提出以下建议：一是建立技术中立、统一透明的可靠容量评估体系，实现各类资源公平竞争；二是以资源充裕度评估为基础，将容量补偿与系统供需关系动态挂钩。三是建立动态调整机制，促进容量价格反映真实供需。只有夯实第二阶段改革基础，用统一的标准衡量各种资源的贡献，用前瞻性的供需评估决定补偿水平，基于用户承受能力与动态调整机制防止补贴固化，同时配合扩大容量资源的考量范围降低用户电价成本，才能顺利过渡到竞争性的容量市场，更有效支撑新型电力系统建设。 本文首刊于《能源决策与参考》，2026年6月 China’s recently issued Document No. 114, jointly released by the National Development… Read More +
价格约束下的虚拟电厂：如何进一步释放系统价值
随着容量电价机制改革持续推进，虚拟电厂有望在提升系统灵活性、保障电力安全和促进新能源消纳方面发挥更大作用。然而，仅依靠容量补偿难以形成可持续商业模式，其长期发展仍取决于电能量市场价格信号能否充分反映其系统价值。本文分析了现货市场价格约束、中长期市场交易机制和合约设计对虚拟电厂收益与投资激励的影响，并结合国际经验提出政策建议，包括进一步放宽现货市场价格限制、持续推进中长期市场量价改革、推广金融差价合约，以及坚持资源中立、技术中立原则，为虚拟电厂等灵活性资源创造公平竞争环境。通过完善价格形成机制和市场设计，虚拟电厂将能够获得与其系统贡献相匹配的经济回报，更好支撑新型电力系统安全、高效、低碳运行。 本文首刊于《南方能源观察》，2026年3月30日 China’s virtual power plants (VPPs) are poised to play a growing… Read More +
