Knowledge Center
We believe that sharing our expertise and collaborations in clean energy policy is how real, effective change happens.
From reports and policy briefs, to webinars and podcasts—RAP advisors have built an extensive collection of resources providing in-depth analysis and practical solutions to today’s energy challenges.
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近年来，中国在环境法、环境税和大气法方面进行了完善，为确保企业遵守空气质量标准提供了坚实的基础。美国在1990年《清洁空气法修正案》颁布后，环保署和各州面临着实施大量新要求和标准的挑战，清洁空气法扩大实施与中国生态环保部扩展权限面临的挑战相似，因此，美国的一些经验也可供中国参考。本文重点介绍了政府部门可能需要考虑的具体领域，包括：1）监督和执行的一致性；2）跨空气流域的违规诊断；3）培训员工；4）制定处罚政策；以及5）在评估处罚时审查整个公司结构的重要性。… View Summary +
排污许可证是确保实现空气质量和温室气体目标有效制度的重要组成部分，是空气质量管理规划的五个基本要素之一，也是排放限制得以实施的机制。国际经验的最佳做法表明，许可证条款中应规定要达到的排放标准，以及确保合规的流程、程序、记录保存和报告要求。企业以自己的生产为目的应保留丰富的记录和数据。在许可证中，通过使用这些数据——包括运行参数、生产和维护记录——政府机构可以有效利用其资源。… View Summary +
The European Union has committed to a net-zero economy by 2050. To get there, it must decarbonise the building stock, which accounts for 36% of EU carbon emissions. The current rate of renovation, however, is only one-third of that needed. View Summary +
España se ha marcado algunos de los objetivos más ambiciosos de toda Europa en el ámbito de la energía renovable. El país tiene la intención de duplicar el porcentaje de energías renovables en el mix eléctrico e ir de un… View Summary +
Spain has set some of the most ambitious renewable energy targets in Europe. The country is planning to double the share of renewables in its electricity mix from roughly 37% in 2015 to 74% in 2030, with solar and wind… View Summary +
The European Union has committed to a net-zero economy by 2050. To get there, it must decarbonise the building stock, which accounts for 36% of EU carbon emissions. The current rate of renovation, however, is only one-third of that needed. View Summary +
How do we take Europe’s building stock to net-zero by 2050? Currently, only around 1% of the building stock is renovated each year. Even worse, only 0.2% of the renovated floor area undergoes a deep renovation that saves more than… View Summary +
The need for electric vehicle charging infrastructure has emerged as a key concern for the large-scale electrification of road transport, which is crucial for decarbonising Europe’s transport sector. Where and how public charging infrastructure is built can pave the way for… View Summary +
理解碳市场和电力市场之间的相互作用以及它们之间的相互影响——是两者良好设计的关键。国际经验表明，以孤立的政策设计电力市场和碳市场不会带来最佳结果。协同设计这些方案有助于市场尽可能经济有效，并确保碳排放计划以尽可能低的成本为终端用户和整个电力部门实现目标。… View Summary +
PJM and the other U.S. independent system operators/regional transmission operators have a record of delivering enormous consumer benefits in the 20-plus years since organized wholesale markets were first introduced in the United States. But the Minimum Offer Price Rule order… View Summary +
The environmental and economic benefits that electric vehicles provide to users, and ultimately to all electricity consumers, will depend on how the vehicles are charged and how charging infrastructure is deployed. Research has shown how managed electric vehicle charging can… View Summary +
The transition to clean energy is changing the nature of Europe’s power systems. Increasing electrification in the heat and transport sectors, more active consumers and the need to accommodate greater shares of wind and solar are impacting the fundamental… View Summary +
In a follow-up discussion to an earlier webinar, co-authors Jim Lazar and Paul Chernick and manual editor Mark LeBel took a more detailed, technical look at how to update cost allocation methods to ensure that costs are shared efficiently and fairly. View Summary +
Understanding the interactions between carbon markets and electricity markets — the impacts of each on the other — is key to good design of both. International experience shows that designing power markets and carbon markets in isolated policy “silos” does… View Summary +