Fossil-fueled water heaters represent a significant uncontrolled source of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, which have a variety of harmful environmental effects. RAP developed a model rule for use by U.S. state and local air quality regulators to reduce NOx emissions from water heaters over time. A related technical support document explains the background and co...

State government agencies are becoming aware that there is more that they can do to reach communities that may be underserved by agency programs -- communities of color, indigenous communities, and low-and moderate-income communities. This policy brief describes steps that agencies can take to engage these communities more meaningfully as partners and stakeholder...

The rapid and parallel growth in both variable electricity production from wind and solar, and in large inherently flexible loads (such as electric vehicles and heat pumps) presents an opportunity to ensure that each transition is both reliable and affordable. In a future that will be increasingly capital-intensive, demand flexibility can significantly reduce the...

国家能源局近日发布的《电力现货市场基本规则（征求意见稿）》和《电力现货市场监管办法（征求意见稿）》，为达成全国统一市场迈出了重要的一步。这两份文件在许多关键问题上提出了有建设意义的规定——在新能源转型的大背景下，这些市场设计问题在很多国家也已�...

In this third part of our distributed energy resources (DER) in India series, we look at changes to the current distribution company (discom) business models. These models can overcome the financial disincentives DERs often face. Instead, discoms can embrace and promote DERs to improve system efficiency, increase consumer savings, and address climate change goals...

In the past, power market reform happened to increase efficiency, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, or to improve reliability and security of supply. Today in Europe, the desire to further change the market stems from the ongoing energy crisis. As the European Union introduces a new round of electricity market reforms, RAP explores where new market regulation w...

The electrification of road transport is happening – and it is already having a profound impact on the energy system and our cities. As more and more people drive electric, smart charging can ease the integration of the newcomers into the grid. Smart charging enables charging to automatically happen at times when electricity costs are lowest – without comp...

Interruptions in electricity supply – ‘the lights going out’ – make for arresting headlines and capture public attention. Yet it is strikingly rare for any kind of electricity generation shortfall to trigger blackouts: major reliability events are nearly always the result of grid failure incidents such as wires frying or being damaged by trees. Further...

在全世界范围内，政策制定者都面临着在电网减碳的大前提下维持电力系统可靠性的难题。当下，随着新技术的诞生和学界及业界对低碳系统的理解加深，电网减碳从电力系统的负担转化为其不可多得的机遇，然而，如何抓住这些机遇来实现电力系统转型仍有一些挑战。各国�...