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Knowledge Center
We believe that sharing our expertise and collaborations in clean energy policy is how real, effective change happens.
From reports and policy briefs, to webinars and podcasts—RAP advisors have built an extensive collection of resources providing in-depth analysis and practical solutions to today’s energy challenges.
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Most of America’s transmission grid was built in the 20th century to serve central power stations burning coal, oil, more recently, fossil gas, and nuclear stations. In a world where solar and wind energy are now less expensive than fossil-fuel… View Summary +
![FERC Transmission: The Highest-Yield Reforms](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/shutterstock_135836597-1-680x420.jpg)
The burning of fossil fuels for heat accounts for a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions and burdens many families and businesses with high energy costs. Meeting climate and equity goals requires that we find effective and affordable pathways to… View Summary +
![A residential street in Boston, Massachusetts, covered in a heavy fall of snow.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Clean-Heat-Mass-shutterstock_166506152-680x420.jpg)
Taxing energy in line with its environmental harm aligns the prices facing consumers with policy objectives. Energy taxes and levies encourage energy efficiency and raise revenues for governments, which can then dedicate them to energy transition projects. Not all energy… View Summary +
The Russian invasion of Ukraine is having a significant impact on the Ukrainian power sector. In recent years, the sector had started moving towards greater integration with the European Union and was making inroads into the shift to renewable energy… View Summary +
![Wind turbines on a shore of the pink salty Syvash lake in Kherson region](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ukraine-briefing-cover-wordpress-680x420.jpeg)
Europe’s increases in online shopping and delivery over the last two years show no signs of waning. Parcel delivery vehicles make up one of the most significant heavy-duty vehicle segments by volume in Europe, recording a market share of… View Summary +
![Row of yellow electric delivery vans parked in front of trees](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/tco-study-cover-image-wordpress-680x420.jpg)
Decarbonisation of the heavy-duty vehicle segment in Europe is crucial to curb greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from the transport sector. Last-mile delivery trucks for city logistics are a promising application for electrification given their low daily mileages and… View Summary +
![Small white van and mid size cargo truck parked for unloading at European old city street road.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/factsheet-tco-study-wordpress-680x420.jpg)
As part of the Fit for 55 legislative package, the European Commission proposed a recast of the Energy Efficiency Directive in July 2021. The recast includes significant changes to the Directive’s cornerstone article on the energy savings obligation, Article 7… View Summary +
To meet its 2050 climate goals, Europe will need to purge its power sector of carbon emissions by the mid-2030s. This means integrating renewable energy resources such as wind and solar at an unprecedented scale and pace. Only one path… View Summary +
In a webinar discussion, panelists discussed efforts across the country to put in place clean heat standards or other mandates for reduction of emissions from thermal end uses. View Summary +
Scotland’s recent Heat in Buildings Strategy sets out a plan to achieve the ambitious target for all Scottish buildings to be decarbonised by 2045. In practice this means replacing the heating systems of nearly 90% of Scotland’s 2.5 million homes… View Summary +
National and local governments are increasingly turning to regulated minimum standards for the energy performance of buildings to kick-start the renovation of the stock. But how can these standards be used to define the most efficient pathway for buildings to… View Summary +
![Man with protective mask and gloves testing insulation in ceiling](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/low-flow-temp-standard-wordpress-680x420.jpeg)
In recent years, states embracing transportation electrification have come to realize that different parts of the transportation sector come with their own challenges and needs. Electrifying the transit sector is no different. Here we focus on the electrification of public… View Summary +
The transition to zero-emission mobility and a decarbonised energy system are best planned in tandem, and electric vehicles will play a key role in both shifts in the coming years. Automakers are already committing to phasing out internal combustion engine… View Summary +
![woman in purple shirt stands next to charging electric vehicle using smart phone app](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/smart-charging-tariffs-report-wordpress-680x420.jpg)
在中国总的碳排放中,建筑运行产生的排放大概贡献了约20%,其中3/4来自于与建筑相关的用电和供热的化石燃料非直接燃烧。为了满足中国政府提出的2030碳达峰和2060碳中和目标,高比例发展可再生能源,大力开发建筑节能潜力以及电气化将是建筑领域脱碳的关键。热泵对于电力系统的贡献在于1)热泵是一种极为高效的电气化供热/制冷方式,从而减少能耗,降低排放;2)热泵可以更多地利用清洁的可再生能源发电(风电、光伏);3)由于其灵活可控的特点,可以通过低谷用电减少用电峰值负荷,以及在系统需要时提供辅助服务以增加系统的可靠性;4)减少输配电扩容和升级需要,降低所需的可再生能源投资。… View Summary +